《平權(quán)法案》又稱《肯定性行動(dòng)》,《積極行動(dòng)》,致力于消除二十世紀(jì)六十年代中期以來(lái)少數(shù)族裔就業(yè)、教育和其他方面受到歧視造成的影響,自頒布以來(lái)便引起廣泛討論乃至爭(zhēng)論。本文運(yùn)用歷史研究和文本分析的方法,著眼于《平權(quán)法案》在高等教育方面的發(fā)展,力圖證明其逐漸衰落的狀態(tài)。本文總共分六部分。引言部分簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明了《平權(quán)法案》的起源和發(fā)展、進(jìn)行了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述回顧、介紹了研究方法和內(nèi)容分布。第一章分析了政策本身具有爭(zhēng)議的部分,主要是對(duì)于公平概念的分歧和以族裔和階級(jí)作為劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的討論。第二章分析了不同政府的政策態(tài)度和調(diào)整方向。第三章論述探究了亞裔美國(guó)人和非裔美國(guó)人內(nèi)部的不同觀點(diǎn),反映了人們對(duì)平權(quán)法案漸漸堆積的不滿。第四章描述了美國(guó)最高法院對(duì)相關(guān)案件的判決,展現(xiàn)了決策走向變化。基于政府和民間對(duì)平權(quán)法案的支持不斷減少、最高法院要求的施行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)愈加嚴(yán)格,最后的總結(jié)部分證明平權(quán)法案發(fā)展今在教育領(lǐng)域處在衰落狀態(tài)。公正和平等都無(wú)法有著絕對(duì)的定義。對(duì)一群人同情就是對(duì)其他人的歧視�！镀綑�(quán)法案》失去種族的色彩之時(shí),這一政策的使命便已完成。

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：63 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Chapter One Policy Itself: a Highly Controversial and Paradoxical Plan
    1.1 Discrepant Belief on Equality
    1.2 Race, Ethnics and Class as Imperfect Criterion
Chapter Two Political Climate: Stricter Attitude
    2.1 Ronald Reagan’s Neo-Conservatism: Reduction of Government Investment
    2.2 Bill Clinton’s Dilemma: Mend It, Do Not End It
    2.3 George W. Bush’s Annulment: Abolish the Policy During His Governorship
Chapter Three Prevailing Negative Views from Different Sides…
    3.1 Asian Americans: Forgotten Ones
    3.2 African American: Self-Doubt and Self-Verification
Chapter Four Supreme Court’s More Cautious Attitude and Decision
    4.1 Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996): Refused to Review and Postponed Sanction toFuture
    4.2 Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003): Denied Quotas andFavored Individualized Diversity with Narrowly Tailored Standard
    4.3 Fisher v. University of Texas (2013) and Fisher v. University of Texas (2016):Reviewed on Fifth Cir.’s Trail
Conclusion
Works Cited



本文編號(hào)：4021935