本文選題：財產(chǎn)保全 + 保全異議��； 參考：《沈陽師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：財產(chǎn)保全制度本是立法者在民事訴訟中設(shè)計的為維護(hù)當(dāng)事人利益，解決司法實踐中“執(zhí)行難”問題的一項重要制度，然而由于我國民事訴訟法對于保全制度從程序啟動到程序執(zhí)行方面的規(guī)定的缺陷，加之市場交易類型日益的復(fù)雜化，導(dǎo)致財產(chǎn)保全錯誤案件時有發(fā)生。面對因財產(chǎn)保全錯誤受損害的當(dāng)事人請求追究申請人賠償責(zé)任時，人民法院經(jīng)常因為缺乏明確的法律依據(jù)可以參考，對申請人的損害賠償責(zé)任不知如何認(rèn)定，從而出現(xiàn)各地方法院雖然審理的是同一類型案件但是判決相互矛盾的局面。 對于因申請財產(chǎn)保全錯誤引起的損害賠償案件，其爭議之處主要在于兩方面：其一，財產(chǎn)保全錯誤如何認(rèn)定；其二，財產(chǎn)保全錯誤引起的損害賠償責(zé)任的性質(zhì)和主體如何認(rèn)定。經(jīng)過分析，這兩點爭議相互交織，因為財產(chǎn)保全是人民法院根據(jù)當(dāng)事人的申請而作出裁定并執(zhí)行的，所以財產(chǎn)保全是否錯誤一方面要看法院的保全裁定作出及執(zhí)行是否合法，，另外一方面要看當(dāng)事人的申請行為是否合乎法律規(guī)定。 財產(chǎn)保全行為是以法院為主體而進(jìn)行的，對于保全發(fā)生錯誤法院可能會承擔(dān)一定的責(zé)任。本案例中，人民法院在保全程序的啟動、實施和保全異議三個階段的行為均合乎現(xiàn)行程序法和實體法的規(guī)定，因而無需承擔(dān)保全錯誤引起的損害賠償責(zé)任。 財產(chǎn)保全是因當(dāng)事人的申請行為而啟動。我國《民事訴訟法》規(guī)定了當(dāng)事人申請訴中財產(chǎn)保全行為諸多條件。當(dāng)事人的申請如果不符合這些條件應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定為申請錯誤，故當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)為錯誤的申請行為給被被申請人造成的財產(chǎn)損失承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任，結(jié)合我國《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》的相關(guān)規(guī)定，可以認(rèn)定申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)為申請財產(chǎn)保全錯誤行為造成的損害承擔(dān)一般侵權(quán)責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The property preservation system is an important system designed by legislators in civil litigation to safeguard the interests of the parties and solve the problem of "difficult execution" in judicial practice. However, due to the defects in the provisions of the Civil procedure Law on the preservation system from the start of the procedure to the implementation of the procedure, coupled with the increasing complexity of the type of market transactions, property preservation errors occur from time to time. When a party who has suffered damage to property preservation mistakes requests that the applicant be investigated for liability for compensation, the people's court often does not know how to determine the applicant's liability for damages because of the lack of a clear legal basis for reference. Thus, the local courts try the same kind of cases, but the judgments contradict each other. For the case of damages caused by the application for property preservation error, the dispute mainly lies in two aspects: first, how to identify the property preservation error; second, the nature of the damage compensation liability caused by the property preservation error and how to determine the subject. After analysis, these two disputes are intertwined, because property preservation is ruled and executed by the people's court on the basis of the application of the parties, so whether the property preservation is wrong or not depends on whether the court's order on preservation is made and whether it is lawful to execute it. On the other hand, it is necessary to see whether the parties' application is in accordance with the law. The property preservation act is based on the court, and the court may bear certain responsibility for the preservation error. In this case, the actions of the people's court in the three stages of the initiation, implementation and objection of preservation procedure conform to the provisions of the current procedural law and substantive law, so it is not necessary to bear the liability for damages caused by the preservation error. Property preservation is initiated as a result of the party's application. The Civil procedure Law of our country stipulates many conditions of property preservation in the application of litigants. If the application of a party does not meet these conditions, it should be deemed to be a mistake of the application, so the party shall be liable for the property damage caused by the wrong application to the respondent, in conjunction with the relevant provisions of our country's Tort liability Law, It may be concluded that the applicant should assume general tort liability for damages caused by the wrong property preservation application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.1

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