本文關鍵詞：突發(fā)性水污染事故應急健康風險評價，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

摘要：

基于US NAS健康風險評價理論,構建包括危害鑒別、劑量效應評價、暴露評價和風險表征4部分內容的突發(fā)性水污染事故應急健康風險評價技術體系.該技術體系充分考慮突發(fā)性水污染事故污染物對于人體健康“短時間、高劑量”的暴露特點,提出了突發(fā)性水污染事故污染物應急參考濃度的計算方法,以健康危害商值定性描述突發(fā)性水污染事故的健康風險,并通過統(tǒng)計推斷健康危害商值的概率分布定量描述突發(fā)性水污染事故的健康風險,并實現(xiàn)風險分級.以松花江硝基苯水污染事故為例,對突發(fā)性水污染事故應急風險評價技術進行驗證,計算獲取的以保護成人和兒童的應急參考濃度分別為0.175,0.05mg/L,污染事故的健康風險值分別為29%和62%,分別隸屬于中級和高級風險水平.實例表明應急健康風險評價技術體系能夠有效表征突發(fā)性水污染事故的健康風險,在一定程度上可以為突發(fā)性水污染事故的應急管理提供依據(jù).

Abstract： 

Based on the health risk assessment theory of US NAS (U.S. National Research Council of National Academy of Science)’, a four-step of methodological framework of emergency health risk assessment of water pollution accidents that includes hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization was developed. Considering the characteristics of short term, high dose exposure of the sudden water pollution accidents, the method specified for acute reference concentration was proposed, as well as quotient method and probability distribution of quotients were recommended for risk characterization and classification. The Songhua River nitrobenzene water pollution accident was used as an example for verifying the feasibility of the framework of emergency health risk assessment of sudden water pollution accident. Acute reference concentration of nitrobenzene to protect the health of adults and children was calculated by using present method and the value was 0.175and 0.05mg/L, respectively. Risk percentage of the nitrobenzene water accident was 29%and 62%, and the risk grade was middle and high, respectively. The results showed that acute health risk of water pollution accident can be characterized by this emergency health risk assessment. Finally, the difficulties in China carrying out emergency health risk assessment of water accident were discussed, and some suggestions were given.

  本文關鍵詞：突發(fā)性水污染事故應急健康風險評價，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。