本文選題：坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換 + 布爾莎模型　； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著“數(shù)字城市”項(xiàng)目的開展，研究各測量坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換模型，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)全國各地測繪成果的快速轉(zhuǎn)換和更新，使得原有的測繪成果低損精度地轉(zhuǎn)入CGCS2000坐標(biāo)系下使用，滿足數(shù)字城市建設(shè)的需要；分析研究各種高程轉(zhuǎn)換方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)高海拔地形復(fù)雜區(qū)域高程的有效轉(zhuǎn)換；構(gòu)建2000地方獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系，在現(xiàn)階段及今后的測繪工作中具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文以貴州省某地級市GPS控制網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，在CGCS2000橢球和地方橢球之間建立嚴(yán)密的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系，重新推導(dǎo)更加嚴(yán)密的大地坐標(biāo)微分公式，優(yōu)化地方橢球建立的方法，解決高海拔山區(qū)地形投影變形較大的問題，建立了基于CGCS2000的地方坐標(biāo)系，滿足該市地理空間框架建設(shè)的需要。 論文中分析推導(dǎo)了坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換的模型誤差的消除方法，，比較各種GPS高程擬合方法，探討了大地微分公式的參數(shù)間函數(shù)關(guān)系，優(yōu)化了地方坐標(biāo)系構(gòu)建模型，得出如下結(jié)論： （1）重心化過程消除已知點(diǎn)分布不均所帶來的模型誤差。穩(wěn)健估計(jì)過程則排除了已知數(shù)據(jù)可能存在的粗差對轉(zhuǎn)換精度的影響，保證小角度坐標(biāo)的轉(zhuǎn)換的精度；本文精化大角度七參數(shù)模型的旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣，削弱旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)間的相關(guān)性對求解參數(shù)的影響，通過不同角度下的模擬參數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)效果明顯改善。 （2）分析各種高程擬合模型的實(shí)用性，選擇第三章所述的高程擬合算法，通過實(shí)例分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型擬合效果較好。 （3）分析原大地坐標(biāo)微分公式發(fā)現(xiàn)文獻(xiàn)[2]和文獻(xiàn)[8]中的大地坐標(biāo)微分公式有誤，對其進(jìn)行改正，結(jié)合橢球參數(shù)間的函數(shù)關(guān)系，重新推導(dǎo)大地坐標(biāo)微分公式如4.21式所示，實(shí)例比較可知改進(jìn)大地坐標(biāo)微分公式轉(zhuǎn)換精度明顯優(yōu)于原大地坐標(biāo)微分公式。 （4）在以CGCS2000橢球?yàn)榛A(chǔ)橢球，優(yōu)化傳統(tǒng)的地方獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系構(gòu)建模型，建立基于CGCS2000的地方坐標(biāo)系。其長度最大變形為2厘米，精度比《城市測量規(guī)范》所規(guī)定的地方坐標(biāo)系長度變形小于2.5厘米每千米要高。綜合第4章地方坐標(biāo)系理論模型和算例分析來看，在高海拔山區(qū)，構(gòu)建地方獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系選用橢球膨脹法較其他兩種方法更好，投影長度誤差最小，點(diǎn)位變化不大。在選擇基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)時(shí)，取平均大地高點(diǎn)較其它兩種選取方法更為合理。
[Abstract]:With the development of the "Digital City" project, the research on the mutual transformation model of the surveying coordinate system can realize the rapid transformation and update of the surveying and mapping achievements in various parts of the country, and make the original surveying and mapping achievements be transferred to the CGCS2000 coordinate system with low loss precision. To meet the needs of digital city construction; to analyze and study all kinds of elevation conversion methods, to realize the effective height conversion of high altitude terrain complex area; to construct 2000 local independent coordinate system, It has important theoretical significance and practical value in the present and future surveying and mapping work. Based on the data of GPS control network in a prefecture-level city of Guizhou Province, this paper establishes a strict mathematical relationship between CGCS2000 ellipsoid and local ellipsoid, rededuces the more rigorous differential formula of geodetic coordinates, and optimizes the method of establishing local ellipsoid. The local coordinate system based on CGCS2000 was established to solve the problem of large deformation of terrain projection in high elevation mountain area, which can meet the needs of the construction of the city's geo-spatial framework. In this paper, the methods of eliminating the model error of coordinate transformation are analyzed and deduced, and various GPS height fitting methods are compared. The functional relationship between the parameters of the geodetic differential formula is discussed, and the model of the local coordinate system is optimized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the barycenter process eliminates the model errors caused by the uneven distribution of known points. The robust estimation process eliminates the influence of the gross error of the known data on the conversion accuracy and ensures the accuracy of the transformation of the small angle coordinate. In this paper, the rotation matrix of the large-angle seven-parameter model is refined. The influence of the correlation between rotation parameters on the solution parameters is weakened, and the experimental results of simulated parameters at different angles are obviously improved. (2) the practicability of various height fitting models is analyzed, and the height fitting algorithm described in Chapter 3 is selected. Through the analysis of examples, it is found that the BP neural network model fits well. (3) by analyzing the original geodetic coordinate differential formula, we find that there is an error in the geodetic coordinate differential formula in reference [2] and [8], and correct it. Combined with the function relation of ellipsoid parameters, the differential formula of geodetic coordinates is rededuced as shown in formula 4.21. The comparison of examples shows that the transformation accuracy of the improved geodetic coordinate differential formula is obviously better than that of the original geodetic coordinate differential formula. (4) based on the CGCS2000 ellipsoid, the traditional local independent coordinate system is optimized to build the model. The local coordinate system based on CGCS2000 is established. The maximum deformation of its length is 2 cm, which is higher than that of the local coordinate system of less than 2.5 cm per kilometer. In chapter 4, the theoretical model of local coordinate system and the example analysis show that the ellipsoidal expansion method is better than the other two methods in constructing local independent coordinate system in high altitude mountain area, the projection length error is minimum, and the point position is not changed much. When selecting reference points, the average ground height is more reasonable than the other two methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P226

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