【摘要】：目前,地面沉降災(zāi)害已嚴(yán)重制約我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,威脅著人民的生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)的安全,成為影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素,但財(cái)力和技術(shù)水平限制了在我國(guó)進(jìn)行全面的治理。地質(zhì)沉降危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃正是基于該問題提出的,是目前地面沉降災(zāi)害研究的熱點(diǎn)之一,對(duì)預(yù)防、減輕地面沉降意義重大。 地面沉降災(zāi)害的形成受很多因素影響,而這些因素本身具有不確定性、模糊性、復(fù)雜性等特點(diǎn)。本文以河北省滄州地區(qū)地面沉降為例,將GIS與模糊層次分析法(FAHP)相結(jié)合引入地面沉降危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃,充分發(fā)揮了GIS空間分析能力和FAHP善于多要素綜合評(píng)價(jià)的長(zhǎng)處,最大限度地將區(qū)劃過(guò)程中的因素量化，，將權(quán)重判別中的主觀因素與客觀因素有效的結(jié)合在一起。 經(jīng)過(guò)詳細(xì)的野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查，分析研究區(qū)的地質(zhì)和水文地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件以及地面沉降發(fā)育特征,本文選取粘性土層累積厚度、地面沉降速率、地面累積沉降量和人工地下水開采強(qiáng)度作為影響評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。利用模糊層析分析法確定了該四項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)因子的權(quán)重，分別為0.377,0.266,0.209,0.148。應(yīng)用GIS建立了評(píng)價(jià)因子的專題圖層。通過(guò)GIS空間分析功能,對(duì)各專題圖層分別進(jìn)行疊加分析,并結(jié)合評(píng)價(jià)模型,將研究地區(qū)劃分為地面沉降高易發(fā)區(qū)、地面沉降中易發(fā)區(qū)和地面沉降低易發(fā)區(qū)。研究結(jié)果與實(shí)際情況吻合較好,表明將這兩種方法耦合應(yīng)用在地面沉降危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)方面是科學(xué)、可行的,且具較好的實(shí)用價(jià)值和應(yīng)用前景。最后根據(jù)地面沉降易發(fā)性區(qū)劃圖，提出科學(xué)的地面沉降防治措施。
[Abstract]:At present, the land subsidence disaster has seriously restricted the development of our national economy, threatened the lives of the people and the safety of property, and has become an important factor affecting the sustainable economic development of our country. But the financial and technical level limits the overall governance in our country. Based on this problem, geological subsidence hazard zoning is one of the hot spots in the research of land subsidence disaster, which is of great significance to the prevention and mitigation of land subsidence. The formation of land subsidence disaster is affected by many factors, which are characterized by uncertainty, fuzziness and complexity. Taking the land subsidence in Cangzhou area of Hebei Province as an example, the paper introduces the combination of GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) into the land subsidence risk zoning, which brings into full play the advantages of GIS spatial analysis ability and FAHP being good at multi-factor comprehensive evaluation. The factors in the process of regionalization are quantified to the maximum extent, and the subjective factors and objective factors in weight determination are effectively combined together. After detailed field geological investigation, the geological and hydrogeological environment conditions and the characteristics of land subsidence in the study area are analyzed. In this paper, the cumulative thickness of clay soil and the rate of land subsidence are selected. The accumulative subsidence of land and the exploitation intensity of artificial groundwater are the indexes of influence evaluation. The weight of the four evaluation factors was determined by fuzzy chromatographic analysis, which was 0.3770.266U 0.209U 0.148. The thematic map layer of evaluation factor was established by GIS. According to the spatial analysis function of GIS, each thematic map layer is superimposed and analyzed separately, and combined with the evaluation model, the study area is divided into high prone area of land subsidence, middle prone area of land subsidence and low prone area of land subsidence. The results are in good agreement with the actual situation, which indicates that the coupling of the two methods is scientific and feasible in the assessment of land subsidence risk, and has good practical value and application prospect. Finally, according to the land subsidence prone zoning map, scientific land subsidence prevention and treatment measures are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P642.26

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