【摘要】：流動兒童的人口比例和增長趨勢,決定了其社會融入度對美國未來發(fā)展具有重要影響。教育融入、文化融入和心理融入是流動兒童社會融入的三個主要維度。美國流動兒童在社會融入過程中面臨的主要問題有種族偏見、法律地位差異、語言障礙、家境貧窮、心理壓力等。為幫助流動兒童融入社會,美國采取的相應(yīng)策略主要包括建立基于社區(qū)的社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò),發(fā)展基于多元文化的雙語教育,重視基于親子合作的早期教育和提供基于校園的心理健康服務(wù)。分析美國流動兒童社會融入的問題及策略,可以為我國進城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女的社會融入提供有益借鑒。本論文由六個部分組成。第一部分是引言部分,主要包括問題的提出、研究目的與意義和文獻綜述,通過對已有研究成果進行梳理和總結(jié),找到與論題相關(guān)的理論依據(jù),確定研究方法,是本文主體部分的基礎(chǔ)。第二部分是對美國流動兒童城市社會融入的背景、特殊蘊涵和現(xiàn)狀呈現(xiàn)進行闡述,復(fù)雜的歷史背景和多元文化的現(xiàn)實環(huán)境賦予了美國流動兒童及其社會融入以特殊內(nèi)涵：通過聚焦流動兒童的語言習得情況、家庭地位狀況和父母文化水平,為下文提出流動兒童面臨的問題作鋪墊。第三部分主要分析美國流動兒童在融入城市社會過程中出現(xiàn)的系列問題。流動兒童因其特殊的移民經(jīng)歷和文化背景,與本地的同輩群體在身心發(fā)展上存在著一定差異,也面臨著對教育和環(huán)境的諸多特殊要求,導(dǎo)致其融入社會過程中出現(xiàn)系列問題,如種族偏見與歧視帶來的認同壓力,學前教育缺失造成的語言障礙,家庭經(jīng)濟條件和法律地位的差異,認知沖突導(dǎo)致的身心健康問題等。第四部分是對關(guān)注流動兒童城市社會融入的政策法規(guī)的介紹和分析,法律和相應(yīng)服務(wù)項目的實施為流動兒童的權(quán)利提供了保障。主要分別介紹了《雙語教育法》和《不讓一個孩子掉隊法》的出臺背景、主要內(nèi)容、效果和影響。第五部分主要是美國針對流動兒童社會融入問題所形成了有針對性的解決策略。各項策略的主要特點是形式多樣化,地方靈活性高和經(jīng)費來源廣：政府和社會各界積極整合資源,共同構(gòu)建幫扶體系。第六部分是對我國流動兒童城市社會融入問題的啟示和總結(jié),也是本文的意義所在。我國同樣存在外來務(wù)工人員隨遷子女童城市社會融入問題,通過對美國相關(guān)問題的研究,為促進我國流動兒童的城市社會融入提供借鑒和思考。
[Abstract]:The proportion and increasing trend of floating children determine their social inclusion has an important impact on the future development of the United States. Educational integration, cultural integration and psychological integration are the three main dimensions of social integration of migrant children. The main problems faced by American migrant children in the process of social integration are racial prejudice, legal status differences, language barriers, family poverty, psychological pressure and so on. In order to help migrant children integrate into society, the corresponding strategies in the United States mainly include the establishment of community-based social support networks and the development of multicultural bilingual education. Emphasis should be placed on early education based on parent-child cooperation and on the provision of school-based mental health services. Analyzing the problems and strategies of social integration of migrant children in the United States can provide a useful reference for the social integration of migrant children in China. This thesis consists of six parts. The first part is the introduction part, mainly includes the question raising, the research purpose and the significance and the literature review, through combs and summarizes the existing research results, finds the theoretical basis related to the topic, determines the research method. Is the basis of the main part of this paper. The second part is the background, the special implication and the present situation of the urban social integration of the migrant children in the United States. The complicated historical background and multi-cultural realistic environment give American migrant children and their social integration special connotations: by focusing on the language acquisition, family status and parents' cultural level of migrant children. For the following proposed floating children faced with the problems to pave the way. The third part mainly analyzes a series of problems in the process of integrating American migrant children into urban society. Because of their special immigrant experience and cultural background, migrant children are different from their peers in physical and mental development, and they also face many special requirements for education and environment, which lead to a series of problems in the process of their integration into society. Such as the pressure of identity caused by racial prejudice and discrimination, the language barrier caused by lack of preschool education, the difference of family economic condition and legal status, the physical and mental health problems caused by cognitive conflict and so on. The fourth part is the introduction and analysis of the policies and regulations concerning the urban social integration of migrant children. The implementation of laws and corresponding service items provides protection for the rights of migrant children. The background, main contents, effects and effects of the Bilingual Education Law and the No Child left behind Law are introduced respectively. The fifth part is that the United States has formed targeted strategies to solve the problem of social integration of migrant children. The main characteristics of the strategies are diversification of forms, high flexibility and wide sources of funding: the government and all sectors of society actively integrate resources and jointly build a helping system. The sixth part is the enlightenment and summary of the urban social integration of migrant children in China, which is also the significance of this paper. There is also the problem of urban social integration of migrant workers and girls in China. Through the study of relevant problems in the United States, it provides reference and reflection for promoting the urban social integration of migrant children in our country.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D771.2;C913.5

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