本文關(guān)鍵詞： 清代 漕運(yùn) 漕運(yùn)行程 漕限 江程 土宜　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2013年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：漕運(yùn)行程是整個(gè)漕事活動(dòng)最重要的組成部分,也是朝廷著力最大、耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)、費(fèi)資最多的環(huán)節(jié),而清代漕運(yùn)行程中的漕限、水程、土宜諸問(wèn)題集中地反映清代漕運(yùn)中的重大問(wèn)題,即秩序、成本以及漕運(yùn)與社會(huì)的交涉。清廷對(duì)于漕運(yùn)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的期限都做了十分具體的規(guī)定,并制定了一系列配套規(guī)制,漕限不僅維持漕船的有序行進(jìn)與漕糧抵京,更重要的是保證每年周而復(fù)始的漕運(yùn)秩序,秩序之于王朝的意義在漕運(yùn)事務(wù)中體現(xiàn)無(wú)遺;清代漕運(yùn)無(wú)論是江程抑或河程,"險(xiǎn)隘處所"在在皆有,由此所導(dǎo)致的直接后果是漕運(yùn)的高成本,集權(quán)政治具有強(qiáng)大的資源調(diào)配效能,但是其所造成的社會(huì)性消耗也是巨大的;而漕船附載"土宜"意在解決漕運(yùn)人員的生計(jì)問(wèn)題,但客觀上引發(fā)了漕運(yùn)人員沿途的商業(yè)貿(mào)易活動(dòng),并將漕運(yùn)活動(dòng)推入長(zhǎng)江中下游尤其是運(yùn)河一線的商業(yè)鏈條中,成為溝通南北物質(zhì)交流的重要渠道。在社會(huì)變遷中,國(guó)家事務(wù)必然與社會(huì)發(fā)生深度的交涉與互動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:The Caoyun itinerary is the most important part of the whole Caoshi activity, and it is also the link in which the imperial court has the greatest effort, the longest time consuming, and the most expensive investment. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the Caojin and the waterway in the water transport itinerary were limited. The problems should reflect the major problems in the water transportation in the Qing Dynasty, that is, order, cost, and the negotiations between the water transportation and the society. The Qing government made very specific provisions on the duration of each link of the water transportation, and formulated a series of supporting regulations. Cao-limited not only maintains the orderly progress of the vessel and the grain arriving in Beijing, but also guarantees the order of the canal transportation every year, and the significance of order to the dynasty is reflected in the affairs of water transportation. In the Qing Dynasty, no matter the river or the river, there were "narrow places" in the Qing Dynasty. The direct result was the high cost of the water transportation, and the centralization politics had the powerful efficiency of resource allocation, but the social consumption caused by it was also enormous. The Caotuan with the "Tuyi" meant to solve the livelihood of the canal transport personnel, but objectively triggered the commercial and trade activities along the way of the water transport personnel, and pushed the water transport activities into the commercial chain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the canal line. It has become an important channel of material communication between north and south. In the course of social change, the state affairs must have a deep negotiation and interaction with the society.
【作者單位】： 華中師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目“清代漕糧征派與地方社會(huì)秩序”(06BZS014) 華中師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院與日本早稻田大學(xué)合辦“京杭大運(yùn)河與明清時(shí)代的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)”國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)
【分類號(hào)】：K249;F552.9

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