本文選題：明代　切入點：遼東衛(wèi)所　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文采用區(qū)域史研究的視角,全面、系統(tǒng)地考察了有明一代遼東衛(wèi)所的軍役。對遼東衛(wèi)所軍役的種類、內(nèi)容、繁衍變化的過程,軍役的僉派組織、方式、原則及影響等問題皆有詳細(xì)的討論。明代的衛(wèi)所不單純是一種軍事組織機(jī)構(gòu),軍隊編制單位,還是除州縣外地方建制的另一種形式,因此它管轄著一定的區(qū)域和統(tǒng)屬著固定的人口。明初在遼東地區(qū)設(shè)立都司,廣置衛(wèi)所,從洪武至宣德共設(shè)立二十五衛(wèi)。雖然明廷于永樂間在遼東設(shè)立安樂、自在二州,但是遼東的州治只負(fù)責(zé)管理歸附夷人,沒有固定的轄區(qū)與屬民,故而遼東都司完全是一個軍事系統(tǒng)管轄下的地方行政區(qū)劃。通過對遼東衛(wèi)所軍役的考察,不僅僅在于揭示遼東衛(wèi)所軍役制度,認(rèn)識遼東衛(wèi)所軍戶的存在實態(tài),更能借以從衛(wèi)所內(nèi)部來認(rèn)識遼東衛(wèi)所的功能與性質(zhì)。 本文主體內(nèi)容共有四章。第一章,主要分析歸納軍役的概念,區(qū)分主要承擔(dān)軍役的原籍軍戶與衛(wèi)所軍戶二大群體、闡述有明一代軍役的一般狀況。 第二章,具體論述遼東都司軍役的種類、內(nèi)容及其發(fā)生、發(fā)展,繁衍流變的歷史過程,并詳細(xì)揭示遼東衛(wèi)所軍役制度的演變經(jīng)過。 第三章,主要考察衛(wèi)所軍政體制下軍役僉派、管理的組織基礎(chǔ),論證衛(wèi)所徭役產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)是衛(wèi)所職能的演變所致。 第四章,主要討論遼東驛遞之役對于遼東衛(wèi)所軍政體制所產(chǎn)生的巨大影響。 通過對遼東衛(wèi)所的軍役研究可知,遼東衛(wèi)所軍役種類相當(dāng)繁雜,承應(yīng)軍役的群體也不只是旗軍,還包括廣大的余丁。旗軍差役的類別相對固定。軍役是正軍缺伍由戶內(nèi)余丁接繼,世代相襲。而余丁的差役卻種類繁多,難以遍數(shù)。由于隸屬軍籍,軍余有幫帖、繼補(bǔ)正軍軍役的法定義務(wù),他們還有可能被隨時抽垛為正軍服役。除此之外,軍余還被僉派徭役,供地方官府驅(qū)使勞作。遼東衛(wèi)所徭役的出現(xiàn)是在明中后期,由于營兵制取代衛(wèi)所,衛(wèi)所的軍事職能受到嚴(yán)重削弱,實際上已經(jīng)脫變成為一個社會管理、臨民而治的機(jī)構(gòu),衛(wèi)所民事行政化使得徭役的需求產(chǎn)生。由于軍衛(wèi)建制的特點,使得遼東衛(wèi)所的徭役在僉派組織、原則上都有自己的特點。與州縣相同,在遼東衛(wèi)所,均徭改革的方向也指向一條鞭法。在遼東衛(wèi)所中,還出現(xiàn)了衛(wèi)所軍政制度本身限制了驛遞之役的達(dá)成,而產(chǎn)生對衛(wèi)所軍政制度改革的現(xiàn)象。從軍役的發(fā)展、演變的過程來看,遼東衛(wèi)所軍役在遼東軍政體制崩壞,都司的民事化改革上起到重大推動作用。雖然筆者所作的只是關(guān)于遼東衛(wèi)所的區(qū)域性研究,所得到的結(jié)論不具有普遍性,但它能給同類型的研究以參考價值,并能為全面、準(zhǔn)確地認(rèn)識與評介明代衛(wèi)所制度提供一個堅實的例證,即是本文的價值所在。
[Abstract]:This paper, from the perspective of regional history research, comprehensively and systematically investigates the military service of the Ming Dynasty Liaodong Wei Institute. The types, contents, multiplying and changing process of the military service in the Eastern Liaoning Province, the organization and mode of the legitimate faction of the military service are investigated. The principles and influences were discussed in detail. The Ming Dynasty Wei Institute was not simply a military organization, a military establishment unit, or another form of local organization other than state and county. Therefore, it controlled a certain region and a fixed population. In the early Ming Dynasty, it set up a division of capital in the eastern part of Liaoning, and set up a wide station of Wei, and set up a total of 25 Wei from Hongwu to Xuande. Although the Ming government set up Anle in eastern Liaoning in Yongle, it was free in two states. However, the state administration in eastern Liaoning is only responsible for managing the people belonging to the Yi people, and there is no fixed jurisdiction and belonging to the people. Therefore, the division of the capital of Liaodong is a local administrative division under the jurisdiction of a military system.Through the investigation of the service of the guards in the eastern part of Liaoning, It is not only to reveal the military service system in Liaodong, but also to understand the function and nature of the military service in Liaodong from the inside. The main content of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the concept of military service, differentiates the two groups of military families who mainly bear military service from those of the guards, and expounds the general situation of military service in the Ming Dynasty. The second chapter discusses the types, contents, occurrence, development and evolution of the military service in eastern Liaoning, and reveals the evolution of the military service system in Liaodong. The third chapter mainly studies the organizational basis of the military service and the administration under the military and political system of the Institute of Health and demonstrates that the basis of the corvee is the evolution of the functions of the Institute. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the great influence on the military and government system of Liaodong Wei Institute. Through the research on the military service of Liaodong Wei Institute, we can see that the types of military service in Liaodong Wei Institute are quite complicated, and the group that receives the military service is not just the flag army. It also includes a large number of Yu Ding. The categories of the flag army officers are relatively fixed. Military service is a military service that is left behind the household and inherited from generation to generation. But there are many types of guards in Yu Ding, which are difficult to count. Since they belong to the military, they have help posts. Following the legal obligation to make up for the military service, they may also be drawn at any time to serve in the main army. In addition, the surplus of the army is also sent to corvee for local authorities to drive them to work. The appearance of the corvee in Liaodong Wei Institute was in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. As a result of the battalion system replacing the military establishment, the military function of the health institute has been seriously weakened. In fact, it has become a social management, civilian and administrative organization, and the civilian administration of the health service has created the demand for corvee. Because of the characteristics of the military and health system, It makes the corvee of the Liaodong Wei Institute have its own characteristics in principle. In the same way as the prefectures and counties, in the Liaodong Wei Institute, the direction of the tax service reform also points to a whip method. In the Liaodong Wei Institute, It also appeared that the military and political system of the Wei Institute itself restricted the achievement of the post post service, but resulted in the reform of the military and political system of the military and administrative system of the Wei Institute. In the light of the development and evolution of military service, the military service of the Eastern Liaoning Province collapsed in the military and political system. Although the author has only made a regional study on Liaodong Wei Institute and the conclusion is not universal, it can give reference value to the same type of research, and can be comprehensive. An accurate understanding and review of the Ming Dynasty Wei Institute system provides a solid example, that is, the value of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K248

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