本文選題：秦代　切入點(diǎn)：里耶簡(jiǎn)　出處：《史林》2013年01期 　論文類(lèi)型：期刊論文

【摘要】：秦代是否存在鄉(xiāng)嗇夫曾是個(gè)爭(zhēng)議話題。2002年出土的里耶秦簡(jiǎn)證實(shí)了鄉(xiāng)嗇夫在秦代的存在,但也提出了新問(wèn)題:秦代一鄉(xiāng)之長(zhǎng)到底是鄉(xiāng)嗇夫還是不為學(xué)界所熟悉的"鄉(xiāng)守"?利用新發(fā)表的《里耶秦簡(jiǎn)(壹)》,結(jié)合岳麓秦簡(jiǎn)、張家山漢簡(jiǎn)、秦封泥及傳世文獻(xiàn)資料,或可對(duì)秦代基層管理曾采用雙頭模式加以論證:鄉(xiāng)嗇夫是名義上的一鄉(xiāng)之長(zhǎng),而鄉(xiāng)守實(shí)際上主管一鄉(xiāng)事務(wù)。具體而言,在已發(fā)表的里耶簡(jiǎn)中,鄉(xiāng)嗇夫僅出現(xiàn)三次,并且無(wú)法推測(cè)其職掌。而與之形成鮮明對(duì)比的是,鄉(xiāng)守大量出現(xiàn),并主管一鄉(xiāng)賦稅、戶籍、刑徒、民間財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移登記、鄉(xiāng)情匯報(bào)、為公家購(gòu)買(mǎi)奴隸等鄉(xiāng)政事務(wù)。證據(jù)表明,鄉(xiāng)守和鄉(xiāng)嗇夫是并列、平行的關(guān)系,不互相隸屬。故此可推測(cè),當(dāng)時(shí)曾采取雙頭模式。這種模式在漢初(張家山漢簡(jiǎn)的時(shí)代)就被廢除,鄉(xiāng)嗇夫變身為名實(shí)兼具的、唯一的一鄉(xiāng)之長(zhǎng)。這提醒我們?cè)诶斫?漢承秦制"時(shí),不能忽視漢對(duì)秦制的改革,不能完全套用漢制來(lái)倒推記載不詳?shù)那刂啤?br/>[Abstract]:In 2002, Li Ye Qin bamboo slips unearthed confirmed the existence of townspeople in the Qin Dynasty, but also raised new questions: whether the growth of a township in the Qin Dynasty was a township miser or was it not known to the academic community as "keeping the countryside guard"??? With the newly published "Liya Qin slips (1)", combined with the Yuelu Qin slips, Zhangjiashan Han slips, Qin Feng Mud and the documents handed down from ancient times, it may be possible to demonstrate that the basic level management of the Qin Dynasty once adopted a double-headed model: the townspeople are nominally good at a township. In particular, in the published Liye Jane, the townspeople only appeared three times, and could not speculate on their duties. In contrast, the village guards appeared in large numbers and were in charge of the taxation and household registration of the first township. Criminal prisoners, civil property transfer registration, township affairs reporting, purchase of slaves for the public, etc. Evidence shows that village guards and townspeople are juxtaposed and parallel, not affiliated with each other. Therefore, it can be inferred that. At that time, the two-headed model was adopted. This model was abolished in the early Han Dynasty (the era of Zhangjiashan Han Bamboo slips), and the Xue Fu turned into both the name and the substance. This reminds us that when we understand the "Han inherited Qin system," The reform of Qin system in Han Dynasty can not be ignored.
【作者單位】： 華東師范大學(xué)思勉人文高等研究院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金2011年青年項(xiàng)目“中國(guó)早期民法的詮釋”資助
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K877.5;K233

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9 于，

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