乾隆朝中亞政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-09 20:16
【摘要】：本文盡可能占有史料的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒、吸收學(xué)術(shù)界在這一領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)研究成果，結(jié)合馬克思?xì)v史唯物主義的原理和方法，以及中外史學(xué)界常用的歷史比較研究法，通過(guò)對(duì)歷史細(xì)節(jié)的考察和對(duì)具體政策的解讀，比較系統(tǒng)第地論述了乾隆朝時(shí)期清政府與帕米爾高原以西的中亞”伊斯蘭世界”的交往，力爭(zhēng)做到全面、客觀地把握其整體脈絡(luò)，反映其歷史演變過(guò)程，并得出適當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論，給予客觀評(píng)價(jià)。本文共包括導(dǎo)論及六大章節(jié)，其中導(dǎo)論主要涉及本課題的選題緣由、研究范圍及研究方法、學(xué)術(shù)史回顧以及所應(yīng)用的研究資料。第一章節(jié)主要回顧歷代中原王朝與”伊斯蘭世界”的交往歷史，以及清朝統(tǒng)一回疆時(shí)的中亞態(tài)勢(shì)；第二章節(jié)主要闡述清朝如何將中原王朝的宗藩體系延伸到中亞；第三章主要通過(guò)清朝與浩罕、巴達(dá)克山等國(guó)交往中的具體案例闡述在將中亞”伊斯蘭世界”納入到中原王朝的宗藩體系中時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的沖突和問(wèn)題，并討論清朝中亞政策最主要的中心議題：和卓后裔問(wèn)題。這一問(wèn)題在乾隆朝時(shí)即開(kāi)始發(fā)酵，終于到十九世紀(jì)二三十年代時(shí)陷入了難以收拾的地步，并重創(chuàng)了清政府在回疆的統(tǒng)治。第四章主要通過(guò)對(duì)史料的解讀，闡述清政府在與中亞國(guó)家的交往中所遇到的“禮儀”問(wèn)題，以及其前因后果；第五章則是通過(guò)考察其實(shí)際效果，，對(duì)乾隆朝中亞政策的指導(dǎo)思想與實(shí)踐手段進(jìn)行反思。筆者盡量力求客觀公正，得失兼顧，即不以現(xiàn)代的眼光投射到十八世紀(jì)的中國(guó)與中亞，從而不切實(shí)際地指責(zé)清朝統(tǒng)治者的錯(cuò)誤，貶低其努力和成就，同時(shí)又要客觀地看待清朝所堅(jiān)持的，雖然經(jīng)過(guò)小修小補(bǔ)，但仍與歷代中原王朝相去不遠(yuǎn)的宗藩體系在當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足與中亞”伊斯蘭世界”交往的需求；以及近代化的潮流已經(jīng)得到顯現(xiàn)，并極大改變了清朝所處的環(huán)境，深刻影響了其與中亞”伊斯蘭世界”的關(guān)系這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。
[Abstract]:On the basis of historical data, this paper draws on the relevant research achievements of academic circles in this field, combines the principles and methods of Marx's historical materialism, as well as the historical comparative research methods commonly used in Chinese and foreign historiography circles. Through the investigation of historical details and the interpretation of specific policies, this paper systematically and systematically discusses the exchanges between the Qing government and the "Islamic world" in Central Asia west of the Pamir Plateau during the Qianlong Dynasty, in order to comprehensively and objectively grasp its overall context. Reflects its historical evolution process, and draws the appropriate conclusion, gives the objective appraisal. This paper includes introduction and six chapters, among which the introduction mainly involves the reason, research scope and research methods, academic history review and applied research materials. The first chapter mainly reviews the history of the exchanges between the Central Plains dynasties and the "Islamic World" in the past dynasties and the situation of Central Asia when the Qing Dynasty unified back to Xinjiang, the second chapter mainly expounds how the Qing Dynasty extended the Suzerain-vassal system of the Central Plains Dynasty to Central Asia. The third chapter mainly through the Qing Dynasty and Haohan, Badak mountain and other countries in the specific cases of exchanges in the Central Asian "Islamic world" into the Central Plains dynasty of the Suzerain-vassal system of conflicts and problems. It also discusses the central issue of the Central Asian policy of the Qing Dynasty: the issue of the descendants of Hezhuo. The problem began to ferment during the Qianlong Dynasty, and finally reached the point of irremediation in the 1820s and 1930s, and severely damaged the Qing government's rule in Huijiang. The fourth chapter mainly through the historical data interpretation, elaborated the Qing government in the contact with the Central Asian country "the etiquette" question, as well as its causes and consequences; the fifth chapter is through the inspection its actual effect. Rethinking the guiding ideology and practical means of the Central Asia policy of Qianlong Dynasty. I try my best to be objective and just, that is, not to project modern vision into China and Central Asia in the 18th century, thus impractical to accuse the rulers of the Qing Dynasty of their mistakes and to belittle their efforts and achievements. At the same time, it is necessary to treat objectively the suzerain-vassal system which the Qing Dynasty insisted on, although it was repaired and supplemented, but it was unable to meet the need of communicating with the "Islamic world" in Central Asia at that time, even though it was not far away from the dynasties of the Central Plains. And the trend of modernization has been shown, and greatly changed the environment of the Qing Dynasty, deeply affected its relationship with the "Islamic world" in Central Asia this reality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K249.3;K36
本文編號(hào)：2175196
[Abstract]:On the basis of historical data, this paper draws on the relevant research achievements of academic circles in this field, combines the principles and methods of Marx's historical materialism, as well as the historical comparative research methods commonly used in Chinese and foreign historiography circles. Through the investigation of historical details and the interpretation of specific policies, this paper systematically and systematically discusses the exchanges between the Qing government and the "Islamic world" in Central Asia west of the Pamir Plateau during the Qianlong Dynasty, in order to comprehensively and objectively grasp its overall context. Reflects its historical evolution process, and draws the appropriate conclusion, gives the objective appraisal. This paper includes introduction and six chapters, among which the introduction mainly involves the reason, research scope and research methods, academic history review and applied research materials. The first chapter mainly reviews the history of the exchanges between the Central Plains dynasties and the "Islamic World" in the past dynasties and the situation of Central Asia when the Qing Dynasty unified back to Xinjiang, the second chapter mainly expounds how the Qing Dynasty extended the Suzerain-vassal system of the Central Plains Dynasty to Central Asia. The third chapter mainly through the Qing Dynasty and Haohan, Badak mountain and other countries in the specific cases of exchanges in the Central Asian "Islamic world" into the Central Plains dynasty of the Suzerain-vassal system of conflicts and problems. It also discusses the central issue of the Central Asian policy of the Qing Dynasty: the issue of the descendants of Hezhuo. The problem began to ferment during the Qianlong Dynasty, and finally reached the point of irremediation in the 1820s and 1930s, and severely damaged the Qing government's rule in Huijiang. The fourth chapter mainly through the historical data interpretation, elaborated the Qing government in the contact with the Central Asian country "the etiquette" question, as well as its causes and consequences; the fifth chapter is through the inspection its actual effect. Rethinking the guiding ideology and practical means of the Central Asia policy of Qianlong Dynasty. I try my best to be objective and just, that is, not to project modern vision into China and Central Asia in the 18th century, thus impractical to accuse the rulers of the Qing Dynasty of their mistakes and to belittle their efforts and achievements. At the same time, it is necessary to treat objectively the suzerain-vassal system which the Qing Dynasty insisted on, although it was repaired and supplemented, but it was unable to meet the need of communicating with the "Islamic world" in Central Asia at that time, even though it was not far away from the dynasties of the Central Plains. And the trend of modernization has been shown, and greatly changed the environment of the Qing Dynasty, deeply affected its relationship with the "Islamic world" in Central Asia this reality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K249.3;K36
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本文編號(hào)：2175196
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