“兩個必然”與“兩個決不會”基本思想及其當代啟示
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-23 10:41
【摘要】：“兩個必然”是馬克思和恩格斯在《共產黨宣言》中提出的著名論斷。十一年后,馬克思在《政治經濟學批判序言》中又提出了“兩個決不會”的論斷,由此進一步豐富、完善和發(fā)展了“兩個必然”的論斷,這“兩個論斷”構成了科學社會主義的核心內容。一百多年過去了,無論是資本主義還是社會主義都發(fā)生了很大的變化,但這些變化并沒有最終否定“兩個論斷”的正確性,恰恰相反,隨著時代的變遷,從理論和實踐上進一步證明了“兩個論斷”的有效性。本文從馬克思和恩格斯的經典文獻出發(fā),較為系統(tǒng)地梳理了“兩個論斷”各自提出的歷史背景、理論依據和現實條件,并對“兩個論斷”之間的關系進行了分析和解讀,在此基礎上揭示了“兩個論斷”所蘊含的當代啟示。 全文共分為四個部分： 第一部分以《共產黨宣言》一文的寫作為中心,介紹了“兩個必然"提出的背景；從異化勞動與人的全面發(fā)展、社會分工與私有制的滅亡兩個角度論述了“兩個必然"提出的理論前提；從無產階級的產生與解放、共產黨的領導與革命的實現兩個方面論述了“兩個必然”形成的現實條件； 第二部分以《政治經濟學批判序言》一文的寫作為中心,具體介紹了“兩個決不會”提出的歷史背景、形成的理論與實踐依據(1848年大革命失敗的經驗教訓、政治經濟學的深入研究)及包含的基本思想(資本主義決不會輕易滅亡、社會主義決不會輕易勝利)。 第三部分梳理了兩者的關系(修正論、取代論、包含論),論證了兩者迄今仍然有效,并從歷時態(tài)與共時態(tài)兩個維度進一步論證了兩者辯證統(tǒng)一的關系。 第四部分,闡述了“兩個必然”與“兩個決不會"對當代資本主義、社會主義、尤其是中國特色社會主義的重要啟示。
[Abstract]:"two inevitability" is a famous conclusion put forward by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party. Eleven years later, in the Preface to the critique of political economy, Marx put forward the conclusion of "two never", which further enriched, perfected and developed the conclusion of "two necessity". This "two judgments" constitutes the core content of scientific socialism. More than a hundred years have passed, both capitalism and socialism have undergone great changes, but these changes have not ultimately denied the correctness of the "two judgments." on the contrary, as the times have changed, It proves the validity of "two judgments" in theory and practice. Starting from the classical documents of Marx and Engels, this paper systematically combs the historical background, theoretical basis and practical conditions of "two judgments", and analyzes and interprets the relationship between "two judgments". On this basis, it reveals the contemporary enlightenment contained in "two judgments". The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of "two inevitability" with the writing of "Communist Manifesto" as the center; This paper discusses the theoretical premise of "two necessity" from the perspectives of alienated labor and the all-round development of human beings, social division of labor and the destruction of private ownership. This paper discusses the realistic conditions of the formation of "two inevitable" from the emergence and liberation of the proletariat, the leadership of the Communist Party and the realization of the revolution. The second part focuses on the writing of the Preface to critique of political economy, introduces the historical background of "two never" and the theoretical and practical basis (the experience and lessons of the failure of the Great Revolution in 1848). An in-depth study of the political economy and its underlying ideas (capitalism is never easy to perish, socialism is never easy to win). The third part combs the relationship between the two (revision theory, substitution theory, inclusion theory), proves that the two are still valid up to now, and further demonstrates the dialectical unity of the two from the two dimensions of chronological and syntensic. The fourth part expounds the important enlightenment of "two necessity" and "two never" to contemporary capitalism, socialism, especially socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D091
本文編號：2389871
[Abstract]:"two inevitability" is a famous conclusion put forward by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party. Eleven years later, in the Preface to the critique of political economy, Marx put forward the conclusion of "two never", which further enriched, perfected and developed the conclusion of "two necessity". This "two judgments" constitutes the core content of scientific socialism. More than a hundred years have passed, both capitalism and socialism have undergone great changes, but these changes have not ultimately denied the correctness of the "two judgments." on the contrary, as the times have changed, It proves the validity of "two judgments" in theory and practice. Starting from the classical documents of Marx and Engels, this paper systematically combs the historical background, theoretical basis and practical conditions of "two judgments", and analyzes and interprets the relationship between "two judgments". On this basis, it reveals the contemporary enlightenment contained in "two judgments". The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of "two inevitability" with the writing of "Communist Manifesto" as the center; This paper discusses the theoretical premise of "two necessity" from the perspectives of alienated labor and the all-round development of human beings, social division of labor and the destruction of private ownership. This paper discusses the realistic conditions of the formation of "two inevitable" from the emergence and liberation of the proletariat, the leadership of the Communist Party and the realization of the revolution. The second part focuses on the writing of the Preface to critique of political economy, introduces the historical background of "two never" and the theoretical and practical basis (the experience and lessons of the failure of the Great Revolution in 1848). An in-depth study of the political economy and its underlying ideas (capitalism is never easy to perish, socialism is never easy to win). The third part combs the relationship between the two (revision theory, substitution theory, inclusion theory), proves that the two are still valid up to now, and further demonstrates the dialectical unity of the two from the two dimensions of chronological and syntensic. The fourth part expounds the important enlightenment of "two necessity" and "two never" to contemporary capitalism, socialism, especially socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D091
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