【摘要】：一般而言，時態(tài)與時間概念之間有對應關(guān)系，然而它們之間的不一致現(xiàn)象也常有發(fā)生。許多學者已經(jīng)對現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的非現(xiàn)在時用法進行過研究，然而他們的研究中有些僅局限于時間領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，有些只關(guān)注句的層面，而沒有考慮到心智和語境層面。 還有一些文體學家們試圖探討現(xiàn)在時態(tài)非現(xiàn)在時用法在文學作品中的文本功能和美學效果，然而他們的研究往往流于主觀化，未進行深層的理論性認知探索。 基于以上原因，本文試圖在認知詩學的框架下，運用認知語言學的文本世界理論，嘗試分析文學作品中的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)運用現(xiàn)象，討論在敘述作品中的參與者在創(chuàng)建和理解文本時心智表征的構(gòu)建過程以及認知特點。在文學作品中，典型的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)，然而現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的運用也并不鮮見，，作者在敘述時采用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)往往是為了達了一定的文體效果。本文主要選取了夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡愛》與《謝利》作為分析對象。夏洛特是繼狄更斯之后又一善用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來表達特殊的文學效果的作者。這兩部作品分別以第一人稱和第三人稱現(xiàn)式呈現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)出不同的指稱特點，敘述要素之間在話語世界中也表現(xiàn)出不同的關(guān)系。 本文作者收集了這兩本小說中所有現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法，并將其歸為五大類：敘述過去時間發(fā)生的動作；敘述過去某個時間點或時間段的景物或人物特征；表達角色的內(nèi)心思想或情感；表達敘述者的概括或評論；介紹情節(jié)的發(fā)展方向。這些現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的運用是為了達到一定的話語功能。作者還提出，現(xiàn)在時態(tài)在敘述文本中可以實現(xiàn)前景化、交互、評價等效果。 通過對運用了現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的文本的世界轉(zhuǎn)換、情態(tài)世界的構(gòu)建、話語世界的組成等過程和特點的分析，可以很好地解釋世界參與者對這些運用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的文本的認知解讀過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的運用取得的文本效果產(chǎn)生的根源。 本文通過對認知語言學的理論在文學閱讀過程中的具體應用的分析，證明認知語言學理論在分析文學作品中某些語言風格過程中的可行性，拓展了認知語言學理論的應用范圍。同時也為文學解讀和文學評論打開了一個新的思路。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, there is a corresponding relationship between tense and the concept of time, but the inconsistency between them often occurs. Many scholars have studied the non-present tense usage of the present tense, however, some of their studies are limited to the field of time, some only focus on the sentence level, but do not take into account the mental and contextual levels. There are also some stylistics who try to explore the text function and aesthetic effect of present tense non-present tense usage in literary works. However, their research often flows into subjectivity and does not carry out deep theoretical cognitive exploration. For the above reasons, this paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon of the use of the present tense in literary works by using the text world theory of cognitive linguistics, and to discuss the construction process and cognitive characteristics of the mental representation of the participants in the narrative works when they create and understand the text. In literary works, the typical tense is the past tense, but the use of the present tense is not uncommon. The author often uses the present tense in the narrative in order to achieve a certain stylistic effect. In this paper, Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Shelly are selected as the objects of analysis. Charlotte is another author who uses the present tense to express special literary effects after Dickens. These two works are presented in the present form of the first person and the third person respectively, showing different referential characteristics, and the relationship between the narrative elements is also different in the discourse world. In this paper, the author collects the usage of all the present tenses in these two novels and classifies them into five categories: describing the actions of the past time; describing the scenery or character characteristics of a certain time point or time period in the past; expressing the inner thoughts or feelings of the character; expressing the narrator's summary or comment; and introducing the development direction of the plot. The use of these present tenses is to achieve a certain discourse function. The author also proposes that the present tense can realize the effect of foresight, interaction and evaluation in narrative text. Through the analysis of the process and characteristics of the transformation of the text using the present tense, the construction of the modal world and the composition of the discourse world, we can explain the cognitive interpretation process of these texts using the present tense, and find out the root of the text effect obtained by the use of the present tense. Through the analysis of the application of cognitive linguistics theory in the process of literary reading, this paper proves the feasibility of cognitive linguistics theory in the process of analyzing some language styles in literary works, and expands the application scope of cognitive linguistics theory. At the same time, it also opens up a new way of thinking for literary interpretation and literary criticism.
【學位授予單位】：四川外語學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074;H314

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