發(fā)布時間：2018-03-13 09:20

  本文選題：長江三角洲白山羊　切入點：優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛　出處：《揚州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：長江三角洲白山羊是國內(nèi)外唯一以生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛為特征的肉、皮、毛兼用型山羊品種,其所生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛是制作高檔毛筆的獨特原料。長江三角洲白山羊是我國珍貴的不可替代的種質(zhì)資源,由于其獨特的產(chǎn)毛性能,又有筆料毛山羊之稱。目前,對長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛性狀的研究主要集中在宏觀領(lǐng)域,在分子水平方面的研究尚未深入開展,本研究是在本課題組前期相關(guān)分子機制研究的基礎(chǔ)上,主要是通過RNA-Seq技術(shù)對長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛性狀做進一步研究,以深入探討該性狀形成的分子機理。本試驗通過對長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型和非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊皮膚轉(zhuǎn)錄組進行高通量測序,旨在篩選可能影響長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛性狀的重要基因及相關(guān)通路,并通過PCR-SSCP技術(shù)對相關(guān)基因做多態(tài)性分析。同時利用冷凍切片技術(shù)來比較優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型與非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型個體頸脊部及背部皮膚毛囊的結(jié)構(gòu),旨在尋找兩種性狀毛囊結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。本研究得到以下結(jié)論：(1)優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型和非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊共有差異表達基因295個；以非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊為對照,在優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊皮膚組織中,表達上調(diào)基因132個,表達下調(diào)基因62個,特異表達基因有101個。(2)根據(jù)差異表達基因GO顯著性富集分析、代謝通路顯著性富集分析和表達量差異倍數(shù),篩選出MAPSK1基因和MAPK信號通路可能在長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛性狀形成過程中起重要作用。(3) NCBI山山羊MAP3K1基因的十個SNP錯義位點在優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型和非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊個體中未發(fā)現(xiàn)。(4)優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型個體與非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型個體頸脊部及背部皮膚毛囊結(jié)構(gòu)無差異,但兩種筆料毛型個體頸脊部初級毛囊密度顯著低于優(yōu)質(zhì)型個體背部初級毛囊的密度。本研究獲得了優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型和非優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛型山羊所有Unigene的注釋信息,建立了差異表達基因庫,獲得了所有差異表達基因所屬代謝通路的信息,為進一步研究長江三角洲白山羊優(yōu)質(zhì)筆料毛性狀的形成機理提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Delta White Goat is the only breed of meat, skin and wool that is characterized by the production of high quality pen hair at home and abroad. The high quality brush hair produced by it is a unique raw material for making high-grade brush. The Yangtze River Delta white goat is a precious and irreplaceable germplasm resource in China, and it is also known as the pen hair goat because of its unique wool production performance. The research on the quality of white goats' hair traits in the Yangtze River Delta is mainly focused on the macroscopic field, but the study on molecular level has not been carried out in depth. This study is based on the previous study of molecular mechanism in our group. The main purpose of this study was to further study the quality of pen and wool characters of white goats in the Yangtze River Delta by RNA-Seq technique. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the formation of this trait, high throughput sequencing was carried out on the skin transcriptome of high quality pen hair type and non quality pen hair type of Yangtze River Delta white goat. The aim of this study was to screen important genes and related pathways that might affect the quality of hair traits of white goats in the Yangtze River Delta. The polymorphism of related genes was analyzed by PCR-SSCP technique. The structure of cervical spine and back skin hair follicles of individuals with high quality pen hair and non-high quality pen hair were compared by using frozen section technique at the same time. The aim of this study was to find out the difference of hair follicle structure between the two traits. In this study, we got the following conclusion: 1) there are 295 differentially expressed genes between fine and non-high quality pen hair goats. In the skin tissues of high quality pencil-hair goats, 132 up-regulated genes, 62 down-regulated genes and 101 specific expression genes were detected. Significant enrichment of metabolic pathways and multiple differences in expression levels, Screening of MAPSK1 gene and MAPK signaling pathway may play an important role in the formation of high quality pen hair traits of Yangtze River Delta white goats.) Ten SNP missense sites of MAP3K1 gene of NCBI mountain goat are found to be in high quality pen hair type and non-high quality pen hair type. There was no difference in the structure of hair follicles in the cervical spine and back between the individuals with high quality pen hair and those with non-high quality pen hair, and there was no significant difference in the structure of hair follicles in the neck and back between the individuals with high quality pen and hair. However, the density of the primary hair follicles in the cervical spine of the two types of individuals was significantly lower than that of the primary hair follicles in the back of the high quality individuals. In this study, the annotated information of all Unigene of the high quality pen hair goats and the non-high quality wool goats were obtained. The differential expression gene bank was established, and the information of metabolic pathway of all differentially expressed genes was obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the formation mechanism of high quality hair traits of white goats in the Yangtze River Delta.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S827

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