【摘要】：鑄造生產(chǎn)過程的危險性較大,生產(chǎn)工序繁復(fù),機械化水平較低。環(huán)境惡劣,工人體力作業(yè)多,文化素質(zhì)有限。鑄造生產(chǎn)過程因其行業(yè)特點,涉及的危險有害因素具有一定的特殊性,在一定條件下容易觸發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)化為事故,從而危及從業(yè)人員的生命安全,造成企業(yè)的財產(chǎn)損失。本文搜集整理了湖南省某機械制造企業(yè)鑄造車間在1959-2016年期間發(fā)生的156起事故。并分別從事故總體情況、事故嚴(yán)重程度分布、事故所屬類型、事故作業(yè)過程、事故所處活動階段、重傷以上事故類型、事故主要原因、傷亡人員性別、年齡、傷害部位、操作工種、事故發(fā)生時期等角度為切入點進行了統(tǒng)計分析。對統(tǒng)計分析結(jié)果進行了專項總結(jié),找出了在鑄造企業(yè)發(fā)生事故的普遍規(guī)律,并以此為依據(jù)制定了相應(yīng)的安全對策。同時,本文構(gòu)建了安全評價模型:先應(yīng)用層次分析-模糊綜合評價法評價鑄造車間的原始安全狀況,再將預(yù)先危險性分析與作業(yè)條件危險性分析兩種方法結(jié)合,針對企業(yè)鑄造車間生產(chǎn)實際建立了“鑄造車間危險有害因素辨識和風(fēng)險評價表”,制定并實施了安全對策,最后應(yīng)用層次分析-模糊綜合評價法對實施效果進行評價,得到經(jīng)過安全改善后的鑄造車間安全程度的結(jié)論。本論文搜集的事故數(shù)據(jù)跨年度57年,通過統(tǒng)計分析得出了在鑄造生產(chǎn)過程中應(yīng)予以關(guān)注的事故防范點。構(gòu)建的安全評價模型經(jīng)實踐驗證也是可行的。研究結(jié)果對鑄造生產(chǎn)安全管理和評價工作有一定的指導(dǎo)作用,對研究人員查找鑄造企業(yè)事故規(guī)律,和其他領(lǐng)域安全工作及事故防范研究也有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The risk of foundry production process is great, the production procedure is complicated and the mechanization level is low. The environment is abominable, the worker physical work many, the cultural quality is limited. Because of the characteristics of the foundry industry, the dangerous and harmful factors involved in the foundry production process have certain particularities, which can easily be triggered into accidents under certain conditions, thus endangering the life safety of the employees and causing property losses in the enterprises. In this paper, 156 accidents occurred in the foundry workshop of a mechanical manufacturing enterprise in Hunan Province from 1959 to 2016 were collected and sorted. And respectively from the overall situation of the accident, the distribution of the severity of the accident, the type of accident, the operation process of the accident, the active stage of the accident, the type of accident above the serious injury, the main causes of the accident, the sex, age and location of the injured person, Operator type, accident occurrence period and other angles for the breakthrough point of statistical analysis. This paper summarizes the statistical analysis results, finds out the general rules of accidents in foundry enterprises, and draws up the corresponding safety countermeasures based on them. At the same time, the safety evaluation model is constructed in this paper: firstly, the original safety condition of foundry workshop is evaluated by the method of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and then the two methods of pre-hazard analysis and working condition risk analysis are combined. In view of the actual production of foundry workshop, the paper establishes the "risk assessment table and identification of dangerous and harmful factors in foundry workshop", formulates and implements the safety countermeasures, and finally evaluates the effect of the implementation by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The conclusion of safety degree of foundry workshop after safety improvement is obtained. The accident data collected in this paper span 57 years. Through statistical analysis, the accident prevention points that should be paid attention to in the process of foundry production are obtained. The safety evaluation model is proved to be feasible by practice. The results can be used as a guide to the management and evaluation of foundry production safety, and also have some reference value for the researchers to find out the accident law of foundry enterprises, and to study safety work and accident prevention in other fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG28

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本文編號：2404458