【摘要】：山區(qū)小流域因流域面積和河道的調蓄能力小，坡降較陡，，洪水持續(xù)時間短，漲幅大，洪峰高，山洪災害具有突發(fā)性、預見期短、水量集中、破壞力大等特點，已成為我國防洪減災工作中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。由于山區(qū)小流域情況復雜，影響因素眾多，資料短缺，且相關研究起步較晚，亟須相關的技術支撐，因此，小流域山洪災害成因及防治技術研究具有重要意義。本文以廣東省清遠市連州瑤安小流域為研究對象，主要研究內容如下： （1）分析小流域山洪災害成因。從降雨條件、坡度勢能條件、固體物質環(huán)境條件等方面對瑤安小流域山洪災害成因進行分析，結果表明，降雨是山洪災害形成的直接外動力因素，不利的坡度勢能條件是山洪災害形成的重要因素，地表松散固體物質為山洪災害的形成提供了重要的環(huán)境條件。 （2）研究小流域山洪災害風險評價。以降雨、高程、坡度、土壤類型、人口密度和土地利用類型等共六個因子作為瑤安小流域山洪災害風險評價指標，基于GIS技術和層次分析法建立山洪災害風險評價模型，并制作山洪災害危險性區(qū)劃圖、易損性區(qū)劃圖和風險區(qū)劃圖，對該區(qū)山洪災害進行風險評價，評價結果可以較好地反映實際情況。 （3）探討小流域山洪災害臨界雨量計算分析方法。采用區(qū)域臨界雨量法、水位反推法，綜合分析確定瑤安小流域1h、3h、6h、12h、24h臨界雨量值，另外，考慮山洪災害當天雨量和前期有效雨量的關系，初步建立臨界雨量基準線，為山洪災害防治提供參考。 （4）在研究無資料地區(qū)洪水預報問題的基礎上，構建小流域暴雨山洪災害預警預報系統(tǒng)。預警預報系統(tǒng)包括臨界雨量預報和山洪過程預報，其中山洪過程模擬和預報采用新安江模型、經(jīng)驗預報方案。針對該區(qū)缺乏實測徑流資料的特點，將新安江模型模擬結果與廣東省綜合單位線法進行對比，對模型參數(shù)進行率定和檢驗，可以較好地解決無資料地區(qū)洪水預報精度問題。 （5）提出小流域山洪災害防治工程措施�，幇残×饔蛏胶闉暮Ψ乐喂こ檀胧┲饕�包括防洪工程治理、河道整治、水土保持工程建設和生物工程治理等，治理重點放在受災嚴重的長合水及瑤安鄉(xiāng)，小滾水和帶田水則進行局部治理。工程措施為提高該區(qū)抵抗山洪災害能力、保證山區(qū)人民生命財產(chǎn)安全提供強有力的保障。
[Abstract]:Because of the small watershed area and river storage ability, steep slope, short flood duration, large increase, high Hong Feng, mountain flood disaster has the characteristics of sudden occurrence, short forecast period, concentrated water quantity and great destructive power. It has become a weak link in flood control and disaster reduction in China. Because the situation of small watershed in mountainous area is complex, the influencing factors are many, the data is scarce, and the related research starts late, it is urgent to need the relevant technical support. Therefore, the research on the causes of mountain flood disaster and its prevention and control technology in small watershed is of great significance. In this paper, the Yao'an small watershed in Lianzhou, Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province is taken as the research object, and the main research contents are as follows: (1) the causes of mountain flood disaster in small watershed are analyzed. The causes of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed are analyzed from the aspects of rainfall condition, slope potential energy condition and solid material environment condition. The results show that rainfall is the direct external dynamic factor for the formation of mountain flood disaster. The unfavorable slope potential energy condition is an important factor for the formation of mountain flood disaster, and the loose solid material on the surface provides an important environmental condition for the formation of mountain flood disaster. (2) to study the risk assessment of mountain flood disaster in small watershed. Six factors, such as rainfall, elevation, slope, soil type, population density and land use type, were used as risk assessment indexes of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed. Based on GIS technology and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the risk assessment model of mountain flood disaster was established. The risk zoning map, vulnerability zoning map and risk zoning map of mountain flood disaster are made, and the risk assessment of mountain flood disaster in this area is carried out, and the evaluation results can better reflect the actual situation. (3) the calculation and analysis method of critical rainfall of mountain flood disaster in small watershed is discussed. By using the regional critical rain method and the water level inversion method, the critical rain values for 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in Yao'an small watershed are comprehensively analyzed and determined. In addition, the relationship between the rainfall on the day of the mountain flood disaster and the effective rainfall in the previous period is considered. The critical rainfall datum line is established to provide reference for mountain flood disaster prevention and control. (4) on the basis of studying the flood forecasting problem in the area without data, the early warning and forecasting system of rainstorm mountain flood disaster in small watershed is constructed. The early warning and forecasting system includes critical rainfall forecast and mountain flood process forecast, in which the simulation and forecast of mountain flood process adopts Xin'an River model and empirical prediction scheme. In view of the lack of measured runoff data in this area, the simulation results of Xin'anjiang model are compared with the comprehensive unit line method of Guangdong Province, and the calibration and test of model parameters can solve the problem of flood forecasting accuracy in areas without data. (5) the prevention and control engineering measures of mountain flood disaster in small watershed are put forward. The prevention and control engineering measures of mountain flood disaster in Yao'an small watershed mainly include flood control project management, river regulation, soil and water conservation project construction and biological engineering control, etc., with emphasis on Changhe Water and Yao'an Township, which are seriously affected. Small boiling water and belt water are treated locally. The engineering measures provide a strong guarantee for improving the ability to resist mountain torrents and ensuring the safety of people's lives and property in mountain areas.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TV87

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