This thesis is on one of the phase-sensitive X-ray imaging techniques,so-called X-ray grating interferometry.It is an imaging technique based on Talbot effect and yields high-sensitive refraction and scattering images along with absorption image of the specimen under ex-amination.It has tremendous potential for visualization of features having low absorption contrast.In this thesis,X-ray grating interferometer has been used to get three contrast images;absorption,refraction and scattering employi...

【文章頁數(shù)】：135 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 X-ray Imaging
    2.1 X-ray interactions with matter
        2.1.1 Attenuation
        2.1.2 Phase shift
        2.1.3 From phase shift to refraction
    2.2 Absorption versus phase shift
    2.3 X-ray scattering imaging
    2.4 Phase-sensitive X-ray imaging techniques
        2.4.1 Phase shift imaging
        2.4.2 Phase first derivative imaging
        2.4.3 Phase second derivative imaging
    2.5 Noise and it's significance in X-ray imaging
3 X-ray Grating Interferometry
    3.1 Principle
    3.2 Components of Grating interferometer
        3.2.1 The phase grating
        3.2.2 The analyzer grating
        3.2.3 The source grating
    3.3 Information retrieval methods
        3.3.1 Phase-stepping method
        3.3.2 Angular signal radiography
4 Signal-to-noise Ratio Analysis of ASR 394.1 Introduction
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Noise analysis
        4.2.1 Photon statistical noise
        4.2.2 Mechanical error
    4.3 Simulation and discussion
    4.4 Conclusions
5 Signal-to-noise Ratio Comparison of ASR and PS Method
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Theory: noise properties
    5.3 Simulation and discussion
    5.4 Conclusion
6 Low-dose and Fast Information Extraction Method
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 The concept of IB and PS modulations
    6.3 Materials and methods
        6.3.1 Experimental setup
        6.3.2 Working principle
    6.4 Experimental results and data analysis
    6.5 Discussion
    6.6 Conclusion
7 Signal-to-noise Ratio Analysis of IB Method
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Theoretical description of IB method
    7.3 Noise analysis
        7.3.1 Noise analysis due to photon statistics
        7.3.2 Noise analysis due to mechanical error
    7.4 Simulation and results
    7.5 Conclusion
8 Noise Analysis of Multi-combination Information
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Noise analysis of MCI due to photon statistics
        8.2.1 Noise of negligible scattering ASR
        8.2.2 Noise of negligible absorption ASR
        8.2.3 Noise of negligible refraction ASR
        8.2.4 Noise of negligible absorption and negligible refraction ASR
        8.2.5 Noise of negligible absorption and negligible scattering ASR
        8.2.6 Noise of negligible refraction and negligible scattering ASR
    8.3 Noise analysis of MCI due to mechanical error
        8.3.1 Noise of negligible scattering ASR
        8.3.2 Noise of negligible absorption ASR
        8.3.3 Noise of negligible absorption and negligible scattering ASR
        8.3.4 Noise of negligible refraction and negligible scattering ASR
    8.4 Simulation experiment and discussions
    8.5 Conclusion
9 Summary and outlook
Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
    D.1 Relationship to Published Work
    D.2 Publications List
        D.2.1 Published Papers
        D.2.2 Under Review Papers



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