【摘要】：友誼對個體的人格發(fā)展和社會功能具有重要影響,擁有較高友誼質量的個體通常具有較高的社交能力、社會適應性和主觀幸福感,但目前有關如何提升友誼質量的研究尚不豐富,更少見針對成年早期群體友誼質量的研究。近期有關懷舊的研究中揭示了懷舊對個體心理健康的積極作用,如增強社會聯(lián)結感、提高歸屬感、降低孤獨感等。而這些方面與個體的友誼質量息息相關,故本文提出將懷舊引入友誼質量的研究,并具體考察懷舊對友誼質量的影響。本文兩個研究采用實驗法,從一對一和一對多兩個層面探究狀態(tài)性懷舊和特質性懷舊對早期成年人友誼質量的影響,以及依戀風格在這一過程中起到的調節(jié)的作用�？偟膩碚f,狀態(tài)性懷舊對友誼質量具有提升作用,特質性懷舊對友誼質量具有正向預測作用,結果揭示了不同懷舊特質和依戀風格的個體在高狀態(tài)性懷舊條件下的友誼質量提升度不同。具體來說:研究一結果顯示,在一對一的個體友誼關系中,狀態(tài)性懷舊對友誼質量具有提升作用,特質性懷舊對友誼質量具有正向預測作用,不同懷舊特質的個體在高狀態(tài)性懷舊條件下對友誼質量的評分均有顯著提升;投入型、恐懼型和安全型個體在高狀態(tài)性懷舊條件下能夠獲得較多的友誼質量提升,但冷漠型個體在兩種懷舊狀態(tài)中差異不顯著。研究二結果顯示,在一對多的個體對群體的友誼關系中,狀態(tài)性懷舊對友誼質量具有提升作用,特質性懷舊對友誼質量具有正向預測作用,不同懷舊特質的個體在高懷舊狀態(tài)下對友誼質量的評分均有提升,其中低懷舊傾向的個體提升更多;投入型、安全型和恐懼型個體在高懷舊狀態(tài)下對友誼質量的評分有明顯提升,但冷漠型個體無論在一對一還是一對多的懷舊中,對友誼質量的評分均不存在前后測的顯著差異。本研究所揭示的結果既是對友誼領域下相關研究的補充,聚焦于早期成年人的友誼質量,考察了不同懷舊特質和依戀風格個體的友誼質量;也是對懷舊相關研究的補充,在考察狀態(tài)性懷舊的同時,加入了對特質性懷舊的考量,進一步探討了懷舊對個體心理健康的影響,具有一定理論價值。此外,本研究也具有一定實踐意義,研究結果提示,未來對于在人際關系特別是友誼關系中有困難和障礙的成年早期個體,可考慮使用懷舊的治療方案,并可針對其依戀風格,進行"量身定做",幫助個體提高友誼質量,完善人際關系,進而提升個體的心理健康水平和幸福感。
[Abstract]:Friendship plays an important role in the development of personality and social function. Individuals with higher quality of friendship usually have higher social ability, social adaptability and subjective well-being. However, there is not much research on how to improve friendship quality, much less on early adulthood group friendship quality. Recent studies on nostalgia have revealed the positive effects of nostalgia on individual mental health, such as enhancing the sense of social connection, improving the sense of belonging, reducing loneliness, and so on. These aspects are closely related to the quality of friendship, so this paper proposes to introduce nostalgia into the study of friendship quality, and to investigate the influence of nostalgia on friendship quality. Using the experimental method, this paper explores the effects of state nostalgia and idiosyncratic nostalgia on the quality of early adult friendship from one to one and one to many levels, as well as the role of attachment style in regulating this process. In general, state nostalgia can improve friendship quality, and idiosyncratic nostalgia can positively predict friendship quality. The results revealed that different nostalgic traits and attachment styles had different degree of improvement of friendship quality under the condition of high state nostalgia. Specifically, the results of one study show that in a one-to-one individual friendship relationship, state nostalgia can improve friendship quality, while idiosyncratic nostalgia can positively predict friendship quality. The scores of friendship quality of individuals with different nostalgia traits were significantly improved under the condition of high state nostalgia. Under the condition of high state nostalgia, the individuals of investment, fear and safety can get more improvement of friendship quality, but there is no significant difference between the two kinds of nostalgia. The results of the second study show that in the friendship relationship between individuals and groups, the state nostalgia can improve the friendship quality, and the special nostalgia can positively predict the friendship quality. Individuals with different nostalgia traits had higher scores on friendship quality in high nostalgia state, and individuals with low nostalgia tendency were more likely to improve friendship quality. The score of friendship quality of input type, safety type and fear type was obviously improved in high nostalgia state, but there was no significant difference in the score of friendship quality between one to one and one to many nostalgia individuals in apathy type. The results of this study are complementary to the related studies in the field of friendship, focusing on the friendship quality of early adults, and examining the friendship quality of individuals with different nostalgia traits and attachment styles. It is also a supplement to the research on nostalgia. It is of theoretical value to study the influence of nostalgia on the mental health of individuals by adding the consideration of trait nostalgia while investigating the state nostalgia. In addition, this study also has some practical significance. The results suggest that in the future, nostalgic treatment can be considered for individuals with difficulties and obstacles in interpersonal relationships, especially in friendship, and can be targeted at their attachment style. "tailor-made" to help individuals improve the quality of friendship, improve interpersonal relations, and then improve the level of mental health and well-being of individuals.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.3

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