大量的酞酸酯類化合物(PAEs)被人工合成而用來生產不同的塑料和廣泛的分布于環(huán)境中。隨著塑料大量的生產、使用和丟棄,在土壤圈(土壤、垃圾填埋地和淋濾液),水圈(自然水域、淡水、海水和地下水),大氣圈和人類以及其他生物體的脂肪組織(這類化合物是親脂性的)都發(fā)現(xiàn)了酞酸酯類這類化合物。這些難治性的水溶性有機化合物不僅在人類的一些慢性疾病的病原學上起著非常重要的作用,還能降低很多生物物種的生存能力,從而對自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的大量物種都存在威脅。這些令人擔心的發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)喚起很多學者對環(huán)境中(特別是土壤和水中)的這類化合物的生物降解的濃厚興趣。這類化合物的生物降解是影響環(huán)境中PAEs命運的關鍵過程。此研究的目的就是利用微量量熱技術等現(xiàn)代理化生綜合方法去研究幾種特定微生物,如細菌中的革蘭氏陰性菌——大腸桿菌、革蘭氏陽性菌——金黃色葡萄球菌以及真菌中的黑曲霉對兩種可能有毒性的PAEs(DEP和DBP)的降解能力,探討微生物與PAEs的相互作用機制,從而為修復和治理PAEs環(huán)境污染提供科學依據(jù)和技術支撐。 為了達到研究目的,本次研究做了如下一些特定的實驗和得到相關結果： 1.微量量熱法 ...

【文章頁數(shù)】：196 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION
    1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
    1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
    1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
    1.4 SIGNIFICANCE/RATIONALE OF THIS STUDY
    1.5 THESIS CONTENTS AND STRUCTURE
CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEWS
    2.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND TO PHTHALIC ACIDIC ESTERS (PAEs)
        2.1.1 History
        2.1.2 The basic chemical structure of Phthalates
        2.1.3 Uses of phthalates
        2.1.4 Production
        2.1.5 Properties
        2.1.6 Distribution and Bioaccumulation
        2.1.7 Health effects
        2.1.8 Legal status
        2.1.9 Identification in plastics
    2.2 ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF PAEs
        2.2.1 Assessment of PAEs Exposure
        2.2.2 The biodegradability of phthalates
    2.3 RELATED REVIEWS ON INSTRUMENTATIONS
        2.3.1 Microcalorimetry
        2.3.2 Chromatographic Techniques
    2.4 REVIEW OF LITERATURES RELATED TO TEST MICROORGANISMS
        2.4.1 Escherichia coli (E. coli)
        2.4.2 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
        2.4.3 Aspergillus niger (A. niger)
CHAPTER THREE:METHODOLOGY
    3.1.MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.1.1 Materials
        3.1.2 Methods
    3.2 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
CHAPTER FOUR:RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
    4.1 MICROCALORIMETRY
        4.1.1 The growth thermogenic curves at various doses of DBP
        4.1.2 Inhibition and Tolerance
        4.1.3 Degradation Efficiencies
        4.1.4 DEP and DBP Biodegradation Kinetics
    4.2 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EXPERIMENTS
        4.2.1 Spectrophotometric assays
    4.3 CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSES
        4.3.1 DEP and DBP degradation Time courses and cell growth by different microbes
        4.3.2 Identification of metabolites of PAE biodegradations
    4.4 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY, GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
    5.1 SUMMARY
    5.2 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
    5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES



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