【摘要】：針對(duì)深水型水源水庫(kù)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化以及藻類(lèi)高發(fā)問(wèn)題，以水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)繁殖特性及懸浮遷移特性為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)水質(zhì)在線(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)及實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析，重點(diǎn)研究了：①深水型水庫(kù)庫(kù)區(qū)藻類(lèi)群落縱向演替特征及水庫(kù)取水調(diào)度情況下藻類(lèi)的被動(dòng)遷移特征；②水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)功能組結(jié)構(gòu)及水體環(huán)境對(duì)其的影響；③基于原水藻含量的安全取水情景分析；④預(yù)凈化選擇性取水構(gòu)筑物的研發(fā)。研究結(jié)果表明： （1）季節(jié)更替對(duì)于庫(kù)區(qū)藻類(lèi)的影響主要表現(xiàn)在藻類(lèi)生物量及藻類(lèi)種屬結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面。對(duì)藻類(lèi)生物量的影響主要表現(xiàn)在表層水體中，而對(duì)10m以下水體影響甚微。水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)高發(fā)期出現(xiàn)在8~9月份，表層水體中藻類(lèi)數(shù)量最大值為822萬(wàn)個(gè)/L，而10m以下藻類(lèi)數(shù)量在300萬(wàn)個(gè)/L以下。水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)種群結(jié)構(gòu)為6門(mén)30屬，其中硅藻門(mén)及綠藻門(mén)占藻種總數(shù)的83.9%。夏秋季藻類(lèi)種群結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，冬春季則比較單一。 （2）取水抽吸作用下，取水口同深度水體中的藻類(lèi)數(shù)量要少于其上下水層中的藻類(lèi)數(shù)量，而且下層水體中藻類(lèi)數(shù)量往往大于上層。原水中藻含量與庫(kù)區(qū)水體中的藻含量并不是簡(jiǎn)單的線(xiàn)形關(guān)系。水庫(kù)水位、入流量及出流量變化對(duì)于藻類(lèi)數(shù)量的影響不明顯。 （3）水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)可分為10個(gè)功能組別，其中，功能組B、P、F、X1、MP水庫(kù)中常見(jiàn)，功能組B、D、P、X1、X3的藻類(lèi)數(shù)量較多。水溫為藻類(lèi)功能組演替最主要的影響因子。水庫(kù)藻類(lèi)生長(zhǎng)策略為：春季R/CR策略藻種→春末夏初CR/C策略藻種→夏末秋初C/CR/R/CS/S策略藻種→秋末及冬季CR/R策略藻種。 （4）基于原水藻含量進(jìn)行取水情景模擬，提出了適合該水源水庫(kù)安全取水的調(diào)度方案：11~3月，取水口深度適宜在0~20m范圍內(nèi)，4~10月，適宜在10m以下，30m以下更佳；而且，，9~10月，應(yīng)避免采用5m及30m水深取水口取水。根據(jù)對(duì)現(xiàn)有取水構(gòu)筑物的研究，研發(fā)了既能進(jìn)行選擇性取水，又能降低水體中藻含量的預(yù)凈化選擇性取水構(gòu)筑物。
[Abstract]:In view of eutrophication and high alga occurrence in deep water source reservoir, based on the characteristics of algae growth and propagation and suspended migration in reservoir, the water quality is on-line monitored and analyzed in laboratory. The main contents are as follows: (1) the vertical succession characteristics of algae community in deep water reservoir area and the characteristics of algae passive migration under the condition of reservoir water intake and dispatching; (2) the structure of algae functional group in reservoir and the influence of water environment on it; (3) the analysis of safe water intake scenarios based on the content of protoalgae; and (4) the research and development of selective water intake structure for pre-purification. The results showed that: (1) the effects of seasonal turnover on algae in the reservoir area were mainly reflected in algal biomass and algae species structure. The effect on algae biomass was mainly in the surface water body, but had little effect on the water body below 10 m. The high occurrence of algae in the reservoir occurred in August and September. The maximum amount of algae in the surface water was 8.22 million / L, but the number of algae below 10 m was below 3 million / L. There are 6 phylum and 30 genera of algae in the reservoir, of which diatom and chlorophyta account for 83.9% of the total number of algae. The structure of algae population is complex in summer and autumn, but relatively simple in winter and spring. (2) under the action of water suction, the amount of algae in the same depth of water intake is less than that in the upper and lower water layers, and the amount of algae in the lower water is often larger than that in the upper layer. There is not a simple linear relationship between algae content in raw water and algae content in reservoir area. The changes of water level, inflow and discharge of the reservoir have no obvious effect on algae quantity. (3) the algae of reservoir can be divided into 10 functional groups, among which, the number of algae in the functional group is more than that in the functional group. Water temperature is the most important factor affecting the succession of algae functional group. The algal growth strategy of reservoir is: R/CR strategy in spring; CR/C strategy in late spring and early summer; C/CR/R/CS/S strategy in late summer and early autumn; CR/R strategy in winter. (4) based on the simulation of the original algae content, a safe water intake operation scheme for the water source reservoir is put forward: the depth of the water intake is suitable in the range of 0 ~ 20 m from November to March, from April to October, under 10 m and less than 30 m; Moreover, the water intake of 5m and 30m depth should be avoided from September to October. Based on the research on the existing water intake structures, a prepurification structure was developed, which can not only select water intake, but also reduce algae content in the water body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU991.1;TV697.14

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