【摘要】： 美國革命是美國成為一個國家的開始,它深遠(yuǎn)地影響著美國社會的方方面面。而宗教作為美國文化的重要組成部分,在美國革命中通過各個宗教教派不同的政治態(tài)度與立場影響著美國革命,也接受著美國革命的影響。 在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文從以殖民地早期發(fā)展中的教派矛盾,美國革命中的宗教教派矛盾以及戰(zhàn)爭中和戰(zhàn)后各宗教教派矛盾的調(diào)整為主線,從美國革命前北美的宗教概況,美國革命期間各宗教教派不同的政治態(tài)度與立場以及對其原因和影響的分析三個方面來具體分析美國革命期間各宗教教派的政治態(tài)度與立場。 第一,在北美,宗教不僅是其文化的重要組成部分,更是其社會的構(gòu)成要素之一。從最初的移民到達(dá)北美之時,北美的宗教就開始了其宗教教派多樣化和本土化兩個發(fā)展過程,并且受到歐洲文化和北美特殊環(huán)境的影響逐漸呈現(xiàn)出自由、世俗、務(wù)實(shí)等等特征。這就使得美國革命中,眾多的教派會積極參與世俗事務(wù),同時又會因宗教信仰和現(xiàn)實(shí)政治而產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的分歧。 第二,美國革命期間,各教派積極參與政治,各教派間及各宗教教派內(nèi)部都存在許多矛盾。圣公會內(nèi)部有的支持英國,有的支持美國,有的支持和平。其它新教教派中的浸禮會、長老會、公理會基本支持美國革命。衛(wèi)斯理宗同圣公會一樣,各種政治態(tài)度都有。貴格會教徒一部分支持和平,一部分支持英國。天主教則因反英而支持北美。 第三,美國革命期間各宗教教派不同的政治態(tài)度與立場不僅僅是一種宗教現(xiàn)象,更是美國革命的重要組成部分。不僅加快了美國革命的進(jìn)程,影響著美國社會的發(fā)展,同時宗教自身也在這個過程中發(fā)生變化。
[Abstract]:The American Revolution is the beginning of American becoming a nation. It has a profound influence on every aspect of American society. Religion, as an important part of American culture, influences American revolution and accepts American revolution through different political attitude and stand of various religious sects. On the basis of previous studies, this paper starts with the adjustment of sectarian contradictions in the early colonial period, the religious sectarian contradictions in the American revolution, and the contradictions between the various religious denominations in the war and after the war, from the perspective of the religious situation in North America before the American Revolution. The political attitude and stand of different religious denominations during the American Revolution and the analysis of their causes and influences are analyzed in detail. The political attitudes and positions of the religious denominations during the American Revolution are analyzed in detail. First, in North America, religion is not only an important part of its culture, but also an essential element of its society. From the time when the first immigrants arrived in North America, the religion of North America began to develop in the process of diversification and localization of religious sects, and the influence of the European culture and the special environment of North America gradually showed the characteristics of freedom, secularism, pragmatism and so on. As a result, many sects in the American Revolution will actively participate in secular affairs, and at the same time will have serious differences over religious beliefs and realpolitik. Second, during the American Revolution, various sects took an active part in politics, and there were many contradictions among the sects and within religious denominations. Anglican support for Britain, some for the United States, some for peace. The Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church of other Protestant denominations, basically supports the American Revolution. Wesley, like the Anglican Church, has all kinds of political attitudes. Quakers support peace in part and Britain in part. Catholicism supports North America because it is anti-British. Third, the different political attitudes and positions of various religious denominations during the American Revolution are not only a religious phenomenon, but also an important part of the American Revolution. It not only accelerates the process of American revolution and influences the development of American society, but also changes religion itself.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K712.4

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