【摘要】： 私掠船活動(dòng)是指在戰(zhàn)爭期間，由敵對國家中的一方授權(quán)給船主或中間牽線人，使其在海上攔截其他國家的船只并對船上的物品進(jìn)行搶劫，對船上的水手和搭客施以暴行，或者襲擊對手國家的殖民地港口并燒殺劫掠。其本質(zhì)是政府授權(quán)的、有針對性的海盜行為。但它和普通的海盜行為有區(qū)別。英國私掠船活動(dòng)在伊麗莎白時(shí)期面臨內(nèi)憂外患的情況下興起，是一種政治現(xiàn)象，也是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。在私掠船活動(dòng)中，人員構(gòu)成很復(fù)雜，因其特殊的時(shí)代背景，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)幾乎成為了“全民運(yùn)動(dòng)”，伊麗莎白女王、政府、官員、貿(mào)易者、貴族、商人和貧苦大眾都加入了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。隨著政局的發(fā)展和變化，它的規(guī)模和數(shù)量也不斷的發(fā)展壯大。雖然英國私掠船活動(dòng)是作為戰(zhàn)爭的補(bǔ)充形式，是戰(zhàn)爭附帶的衍生物，但是，在伊麗莎白一世這一特殊的時(shí)期，在特定歷史環(huán)境的催化之下，它起了不小的歷史作用。首先，英國私掠船活動(dòng)是當(dāng)時(shí)反霸權(quán)斗爭的一部分，加速了西班牙帝國的衰落，從而促進(jìn)了歐洲力量的改變。其次，它帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，為伊麗莎白政府?dāng)烤哿司揞~財(cái)富，不僅緩解了當(dāng)時(shí)的財(cái)政拮據(jù)，而且推動(dòng)了國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮，帶動(dòng)了城市的發(fā)展，，穩(wěn)定了國內(nèi)形勢，為后來的工業(yè)革命積累了一定的原始資本。在軍事方面它加強(qiáng)了英國的海上力量，并配合皇家海軍取得了西班牙戰(zhàn)爭的勝利，具有戰(zhàn)略意義。同時(shí)，邁出了建立殖民地的第一步，還推動(dòng)了造船業(yè)和航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。但是，私掠船掠奪活動(dòng)也有消極的方面，特別是導(dǎo)致了英國政府官員的貪污腐化和法律威信的下降。
[Abstract]:Private skimming refers to the authorization of one of the hostile States, during a war, to the owner or intermediary of the ship to intercept at sea the vessels of other countries and to rob the goods on board, and to commit atrocities against the sailors and passengers on board. Or attack the colonial ports of rival countries and burn and loot. Its essence is authorized by the government, targeted piracy. But it is different from ordinary piracy. The rise of privately-skimming in England under the circumstances of internal and external troubles in Elizabeth period is both a political and a social phenomenon. In privateering, the composition of the people is very complex, because of its special background, this activity almost became the "national movement", Queen Elizabeth, the government, officials, traders, aristocrats, Businessmen and poor people joined the campaign. With the development and change of the political situation, its scale and quantity also develop unceasingly. Although British privateer ship activity is a supplementary form of war and a collateral derivative of war, it played a significant historical role in the special period of Elizabeth I, under the catalysis of specific historical environment. First, British privateering was part of the anti-hegemony struggle, which accelerated the decline of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the change of European power. Secondly, it brought enormous economic benefits, amassed enormous wealth for the Elizabeth government, not only eased the financial constraints at that time, but also promoted the prosperity of the domestic economy, promoted the development of the city, and stabilized the domestic situation. For the industrial revolution after the accumulation of a certain amount of primitive capital. In the military, it strengthened the British maritime power, and with the Royal Navy won the Spanish War, strategic significance. At the same time, the first step in the establishment of the colony, but also the development of shipbuilding and shipping industry. But there are also negative aspects of privately-skimming, especially the corruption of British government officials and the decline in the prestige of the law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.4

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1 夏繼果;德雷克的環(huán)球航行與伊麗莎白外交[J];歷史教學(xué)問題;1998年03期

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