本文選題：狄考文 + 官話類編　； 參考：《浙江財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：《官話類編》是晚清時(shí)期由美國傳教士狄考文編寫的漢語教科書，目的是向來華的傳教士推廣當(dāng)時(shí)的通行語，即“官話”。語匯雖起源于古代漢語，但是卻活躍于近代漢語，尤其是漢語口語中�！豆僭掝惥帯酚�20世紀(jì)末出版，這一時(shí)期的漢語正處于近代漢語向現(xiàn)代漢語過渡的階段，加之以漢語口語作為教學(xué)主體，因此書中記錄了大量有價(jià)值的語匯材料，內(nèi)容豐富生動(dòng)，表達(dá)力強(qiáng)。本文以《官話類編》中的成語、歇后語、諺語和慣用語作為研究對象，對其進(jìn)行共時(shí)的靜態(tài)描寫，從語的分類、結(jié)構(gòu)類型的角度對《官話類編》中的語匯進(jìn)行深入分析。另從歷時(shí)的角度，將《官話類編》中出現(xiàn)的語匯與現(xiàn)代語匯類辭書進(jìn)行比較，收集整理出各語匯類專項(xiàng)詞典均沒有收錄或者收錄但沒有解釋的詞條，通過搜索關(guān)鍵詞、檢索語料庫以及參考狄考文的英文解釋這三種考察方式探析語義，這對完善辭書詞條的收錄和編纂無疑是有極高價(jià)值的。 全文共分為六章：第一章介紹《官話類編》內(nèi)容及版本、《官話類編》的研究價(jià)值、研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究內(nèi)容和方法。 第二章介紹《官話類編》中成語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，討論書中出現(xiàn)的同義四字結(jié)構(gòu)，并對部分成語進(jìn)行語源探析。 第三章介紹《官話類編》中歇后語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，對沒有被各代表性語匯類詞典收錄的歇后語通過詞典和文獻(xiàn)考察進(jìn)行語義探析。由于文化背景、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的不同，狄考文對某些歇后語的翻譯并不妥當(dāng)。筆者對這樣的翻譯進(jìn)行整理歸類，并從跨文化的角度分析其出現(xiàn)漢英意思不對等的原因，并在最后提出更為合理更符合中國國情的翻譯方案。 第四章介紹《官話類編》中諺語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型及對稱形式，對沒有被各代表性語匯類詞典收錄的諺語通過詞典和文獻(xiàn)考察進(jìn)行語義探析。并進(jìn)一步探究《官話類編》中諺語的來源及口語性。 第五章介紹《官話類編》中慣用語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，對沒有被各代表性語匯類詞典收錄的慣用語通過詞典和文獻(xiàn)考察進(jìn)行語義探析。狄考文對某些慣用語的翻譯并不妥當(dāng)，，筆者將這樣的翻譯整理歸類，并分析出現(xiàn)漢英意思不對等的原因，并提出更符合句意和中國國情的翻譯方案。 第六章從對外漢語教學(xué)的角度研究《官話類編》的語匯，分析狄考文選擇語匯作為對外漢語教學(xué)對象的契機(jī)。并將《官話類編》中的語匯教學(xué)與現(xiàn)代對外漢語語匯教學(xué)進(jìn)行比較。
[Abstract]:The Classics of Mandarin is a Chinese textbook written by American missionary Dikowen in the late Qing Dynasty, with the aim of popularizing the popular language of the time, that is, "Mandarin", to the missionaries who came to China. Although the vocabulary originated from ancient Chinese, it is active in modern Chinese, especially in spoken Chinese. The Classics of Mandarin language was published at the end of the 20th century. The Chinese language in this period is in the stage of transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese. In addition, oral Chinese as the main teaching body, so the book recorded a large number of valuable vocabulary materials, rich and vivid, strong expressiveness. In this paper, the idioms, sayings, proverbs and idioms in the Classics of Mandarin language are taken as the research objects, and the synchronic static description of them is carried out. From the angle of the classification of the words and the structural types, the author makes a deep analysis of the vocabulary in the Classics of the Mandarin dialect. In addition, from a diachronic point of view, this paper compares the vocabulary in "official language Category" with the modern lexicon, and collects and sorts out the entries that are not included or included but not explained in the special dictionaries of various vocabulary categories, and by searching for key words, Searching the corpus and referring to the English explanation of Dickauen are three ways to explore the semantics, which is undoubtedly of great value to the perfection of the collection and compilation of lexical entries. The full text is divided into six chapters: the first chapter introduces the content and edition of Mandarin language, the research value, research status, research contents and methods. Chapter two introduces the structure types of idioms, discusses the synonym structure in the book, and analyzes the etymology of some idioms. The third chapter introduces the structure types of Xiehouyu in the Classics of Mandarin, and makes a semantic analysis of the Xiehouyu which has not been included in various representative lexicographical dictionaries through dictionaries and literature review. Because of the different cultural background, customs and habits, Dickauwen's translation of some hymns is not appropriate. The author classifies such translation and analyzes the reasons for the unequal meaning between Chinese and English from the cross-cultural point of view, and finally puts forward a more reasonable and more suitable translation scheme in accordance with the national conditions of China. The fourth chapter introduces the structural types and symmetric forms of proverbs in Classics of Mandarin, and analyzes the semantics of proverbs which are not included in various representative lexicographical dictionaries through dictionaries and literature. And further explore the source and spoken language of proverbs in Mandarin. The fifth chapter introduces the structural types of idioms in Classics of Mandarin, and analyzes the semantics of idioms that are not included in various representative lexicographs through dictionaries and literature. It is not appropriate for the translation of some idioms. The author classifies the translation and analyzes the reasons for the unequal meaning between Chinese and English, and puts forward a translation scheme which is more in line with the Chinese national conditions. The sixth chapter studies the vocabulary of Chinese as a foreign language from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and analyzes the opportunity for Diaowen to choose the vocabulary as the object of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper compares the teaching of vocabulary with that of modern Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134;H195.3

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