【摘要】：延長(zhǎng)退休年齡近年來(lái)是整個(gè)社會(huì)和公眾普遍關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)和焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。在黨的十八屆中央委員會(huì)第三次全體會(huì)議上,更是明確提出:要研究制定漸進(jìn)式延遲退休年齡政策。退休制度在一個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,是養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度和人口管理制度的重要組成部分,同時(shí)也是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)福利制度的指標(biāo)。其中,退休年齡作為退休制度的重要內(nèi)容,影響整個(gè)退休制度的發(fā)展,進(jìn)而影響整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)效應(yīng)。按照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),我國(guó)早已進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2009年時(shí),我國(guó)的人口平均壽命是73歲,到了2012年,城市人口的平均退休年齡才只有56歲,退休年齡偏低,造成了我國(guó)人力資源的極大浪費(fèi)。傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家大包大攬養(yǎng)老體制在轉(zhuǎn)軌時(shí),又給現(xiàn)有的體制留下巨大的空賬,養(yǎng)老金虧空嚴(yán)重。未來(lái),隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,對(duì)老年人力資源的需求也會(huì)增加,同時(shí),16-59歲的勞動(dòng)年齡人口又在不斷下降,公民的受教育年限不斷延長(zhǎng),尤其是女性受教育年限的延長(zhǎng),也使得現(xiàn)有退休年齡早已不能滿(mǎn)足現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,延長(zhǎng)退休年齡已成為一種必然的選擇。通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)搜索,網(wǎng)站查詢(xún)等方式,筆者了解到:對(duì)是否延長(zhǎng)退休年齡以及如何延長(zhǎng)退休年齡問(wèn)題,當(dāng)前的大部分學(xué)者,分別從人均預(yù)期壽命的角度、企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的角度、養(yǎng)老金基金平衡的角度以及對(duì)就業(yè)狀況的影響角度等出發(fā),做了較為深入的研究,初步形成了一定的結(jié)構(gòu),取得了不少有價(jià)值的研究成果。然而,針對(duì)影響延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的價(jià)值觀(guān)和價(jià)值取向以及從利益平衡的角度來(lái)探析如何延長(zhǎng)退休年齡這方面的文章很少。本文在綜合延長(zhǎng)退休年齡理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上探討社會(huì)保障領(lǐng)域的價(jià)值取向和利益平衡的概念,在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外不同國(guó)家的延長(zhǎng)退休模式的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)下,對(duì)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的影響因素從價(jià)值取向和利益平衡兩大方面進(jìn)行深入分析。擬通過(guò)當(dāng)前我國(guó)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的現(xiàn)狀及不同人群對(duì)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的需求狀況調(diào)查,進(jìn)而明確存在的問(wèn)題并探討解決的措施,提出延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的小步漸進(jìn)、平穩(wěn)延長(zhǎng)方案。基于以上分析,本文分為八個(gè)部分:第一部分,分析我國(guó)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的背景、意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外綜述及研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法;第二部分,介紹延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的相關(guān)概念內(nèi)容,并討論分析他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)保障領(lǐng)域所涉及的相關(guān)理論;第三部分,借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外在延長(zhǎng)退休年齡方面的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析現(xiàn)有的延長(zhǎng)退休年齡現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題;第四部分,在前面理論的基礎(chǔ)上從價(jià)值取向和利益平衡兩個(gè)方面分析對(duì)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的制約和影響;第五部分,通過(guò)采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法對(duì)上海、山東、河南等地的各類(lèi)企業(yè)職工展開(kāi)調(diào)研,對(duì)調(diào)研對(duì)象和調(diào)研結(jié)果進(jìn)行歸納整理,較為全面的分析了延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題;第六部分,構(gòu)建延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的指標(biāo)體系,從居民收入、健康狀況、崗位類(lèi)型、文化程度、單位屬性和價(jià)值判斷等方面入手,運(yùn)用logistic回歸分析方法對(duì)延長(zhǎng)退休年齡的因素從價(jià)值取向和利益平衡進(jìn)行分析測(cè)算;第七部分,提出延長(zhǎng)退休年齡問(wèn)題的價(jià)值取向和利益平衡原則、建議和措施;第八部分,總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The extension of the retirement age has been a hot and focus issue for the entire community and the general public in recent years. At the 3rd plenary meeting of the 18th Central Committee of the Party, it was made clear that the development of a gradual and delayed retirement age policy should be studied. The retirement system is an important part of the old-age insurance system and the population management system in the development process of a country and a region, and is also an indicator of the economic welfare system of a country and a region. Among them, the retirement age, as an important part of the retirement system, affects the development of the whole retirement system, thus affecting the whole economic and social effect. In 2009, the average life expectancy of our country is 73. By 2012, the average retirement age of the urban population is only 56, and the retirement age is low, resulting in a great waste of human resources in our country. The traditional state-owned old-age pension system, in the course of the transition, has left a huge void for the existing system, and the pension deficit is serious. In the future, with the transformation of the economic development mode and the development of the tertiary industry, the demand for the elderly force resources will also increase, while the working-age population of the age of 16-59 is declining, and the education life of the citizen is prolonged, especially the extension of the education life of the female, The existing retirement age has long been unable to meet the real needs, and the extension of the retirement age has become an inevitable choice. Through the way of literature search, website inquiry and so on, the author is aware of whether to extend the retirement age and how to extend the retirement age, most of the current scholars, from the perspective of the life expectancy of the per capita, the angle of the enterprise's competitiveness, The angle of the balance of the pension fund and the angle of the influence on the employment situation, etc., have done a more in-depth study, and a certain structure has been formed, and some valuable research results have been obtained. However, there are few articles on how to extend the retirement age for values and values that affect the extension of the retirement age and from the point of view of the balance of interest. Based on the comprehensive extension of the theory of retirement age, this paper discusses the concept of value orientation and interest balance in the field of social security. The influence factors on the extended retirement age are analyzed in terms of value orientation and interest balance. It is proposed that the current situation of the retirement age and the requirement of different people to extend the retirement age are investigated, the existing problems and the measures to be solved are discussed, and the small-step gradual and smooth extension of the retirement age is put forward. Based on the above analysis, this paper is divided into eight parts: the first part, the background, meaning, the summary and the research contents and methods of extending the retirement age in our country, the second part, the related concept of extending the retirement age, The third part, based on the successful experience of the extension of the retirement age at home and abroad, analyzes the current situation and problems of the existing extended retirement age, and the fourth part, On the basis of the former theory, the restriction and influence on the extended retirement age are analyzed from two aspects of value orientation and interest balance; and the fifth part, through the use of the questionnaire method to investigate the various enterprises and workers in Shanghai, Shandong, Henan and so on, In the sixth part, the index system of extending the retirement age is constructed, from the income of the residents, the health status, the type of post and the degree of culture, The article starts from the aspects of unit property and value judgment, and uses the logistic regression analysis method to analyze and measure the factors that extend the retirement age from the value orientation and the benefit balance; in the seventh part, the principles, suggestions and measures to extend the value orientation and the benefit balance of the retirement age are put forward, and the eighth part, Summary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F249.2

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